Scientific Principles of Intellectual Development of Personality of Secondary School Pupils.
Journal Title: Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка - Year 2018, Vol 95, Issue 4
Abstract
The intellectual development of the individual during the process of education is the most important issue of the theory and methodology of modern education. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the problems of the development of personality, intelligence and intellectual development. The most vivid aspect of solving this burning issue is the outline of the scientific foundations of intellectual development of the individual. Despite a large number of studies of personality, its development and the intelligence as phenomenon, there is no single clear definition of the concept of intellectual development of an individual. It should be noted, that the subject of scientific research was the issue of the essence and mechanisms of personality development. At the same time, the problems of means, methods and conditions of intellectual development were not sufficiently solved. Aim of the research is to carry out a scientific analysis of the problem of intellectual development of an individual, as well as to determine the scientific principles of intellectual development of the student's personality in the process of studying in a secondary school. One of the priorities of modern education is to preserve the developmental potential of learning. The development of personality is a continuous, irreversible, natural process consisting of certain stages. It depends not only on external influences, but also on the individual's own activity. Development is identified as a process of change, the constant motion from lower to higher and from simple to more complex. In the same time, the development of an individual occurs through inclusion in the activity. The activities of the student should be close to the research process and include the following actions: awareness and analysis of the situation; the identification of problem and its aspects, as well as planning of ways to solve the particular issue; finding and evaluating information and means of solving the problem; hypothesis and its justification, together with the hypothesis testing, assessment and the analysis of the results; generalization and formulation of the conclusions. Intellectual development is a continuous process of formation of qualitative changes in the structure of intelligence of an individual, which is based on the basic psychical processes, thinking and imagination, language and speech. The development of intelligence occurs in parallel with the educational process and depends on external and internal factors, the most important of which is the presence of motivation, development-friendly environment. In the structure of intelligence, the following components are distinguished: cognitive potential, which is identified as thinking in various aspects of its manifestation; mental capabilities of an individual; the ability to determine the problem and develop algorithms for its solution and a well-organized knowledge base: general awareness, level of training, adaptive system, ensuring the effectiveness of interaction with the environment. Intellectual development is accompanied by the formation of intellectual skills. Intellectual skills are identified as a system of intellectual actions, which consists of logical operations (techniques) and promotes the assimilation of knowledge and the development of intellectual abilities of an individual. Intellectual skills is a set of skills, that combines the ability of pupils to motivate their cognitive activity; concentrate on perceiving information and assimilating it; carry out thoughtful operations; creatively use acquired knowledge; work independently with the study book and reference literature.
Authors and Affiliations
O. V. Vashchuk
Keywords
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