Screening Selected Cassava Cultivars for Resistance against Cassava Viruses and Cassava Green Mites under Advanced Yield Trials in Kenya
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most cultivated tuberous crops as a sustainable source of food security and family income among the poor in the developing world. Despite this economic significance, cassava’s tuber yield is significantly reduced by viral diseases and pests among them cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava green mites (CGM). CMD and CBSD are respectively caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs) and cassava brown streak viruses (CBSVs) which often result in 100% yield losses in susceptible cultivars. Through a field-based randomized complete block designed experiment, the present study screened fifteen cassava genotypes sourced from different breeding programs and local landraces in Kenya for resistance against CMD, CBSD and CGM. Genotypic differences for either diseases incidence (INC) or severity (SVY) and marketable root yield (MRY) was significant (P≤0.05. Both disease and pest incidences were generally low (0-15%) indicating potential suppression. Genotypes were grouped into disease tolerant (DT) and disease susceptible (DS) classes with significantly higher MRY of 23.8 t/ha bulked by a DT genotype TME-419 and least MRY of 2.1 t/ha recorded in a DS cultivar Thika2. The negative correlation observed between MRY and both disease incidence and severity indicated the inhibitory role of CMD and CBSD on cassava production. Molecular diagnostics two CMB species, African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East Africa cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) and CBSVs in some tolerant and all susceptible genotypes. Four (990005, TC4, TC14 & TME419) high yielding and DT cassava genotypes identified in the current study could potentially be used as parents in future breeding programs for introgression of tolerance traits in farmer preferred but susceptible local landraces.
Authors and Affiliations
Koros J. C, Runo S. M, Yusuf M, Orek C. O
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP415184
- DOI 10.9790/264X-0405023752.
- Views 107
- Downloads 0
Sodium Arsenite-Induced Histopathological and Oxidative DNA Damage in the Ovary of Mice
Arsenic is well- known to promote toxicity in the reproductive system.. It alters the ovary of mice at different dose levels. It creates more and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ovary. Female Swiss albino mice...
Evaluation of Venous Blood as a Specimen of Choice in the Monitoring of Acid-Base Metabolic Disorders
Acid-base metabolic disorders are conditions that alter the normal body physiology that regulate the pH of blood in order to maintain normal biochemical functions. Maintenance of a constant pH is important for enzyme fun...
A study of association of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cardio vascular diseases
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. Involvement of oxygen radical has been...
Chimera of Heat-labile Enterotoxin B chain conjugate with LipL32 and or LipL21 proteins induces strong reactive antibodies in experimental mice
Current killed vaccines against Leptospira lack long-term protective ability and are mostly serovarspecific. Hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that can provide long-term and broad protection against the many e...
Correlation of liver enzymes to radiological grading in NAFLD cases of Type II DM
Objective: To correlate biochemical parameters assessing liver functions and its ultra-sonographic grading in NAFLD cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and to study utility of these parameters as diagnostic indicator and p...