Sex Related Assessment and Differentiation of Atherogenic Risk Factors
Journal Title: International Blood Research & Reviews - Year 2014, Vol 2, Issue 5
Abstract
Aims: Atherosclerosis is latent precursor of clinical cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to assess modifiable and non-modifiable atherogenic risk factors in both sexes. Study Design: Cross sectional design. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted at Exservicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) Polyclinic, Sultanpur Lodhi, Kapurthala, Punjab, India from June, 2013 to Oct, 2013. Methodology: This study was undertaken to assess age, education, employment, socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index, dietary habits, family history, sleep, stress, dysglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia as determinants of atherogenic risk factors. The level of significance was defined by P<.05 with Chi Square test. Results: All patients (N=351) were divided into male (49.58%) and female (50.42%) cohorts. A statistically significant males (45.41%; P<.001) were found >65 years old and females (43.51%; P<.001) in 51-65 years. Males had significant higher literacy (55.19%; P<.001) and employment status (55.75%; P<.001). Females were reported with significant positive family history (40.12%; P<.01), stress (25.99%), sleep inadequacy (28.82%; P<.001), sedentary lifestyle (83.62%; P<.001), and vegetarianism (74.02%; P<.01). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in females (19.78%) than males (14.95%). The higher prevalence of hypertension (females: 49.16%; males: 48.28%), obesity (females: 23.72%; males: 17.24%), dysglycaemia (females: 25.99%; males: 22.42%) was recorded in females; and dyslipidemia (males: 29.32%, females: 23.17%) in males. Conclusion: Females were reported with significantly higher frequencies of atherogenic risk factors which make them highly susceptible to cardiovascular events than males. Hence, sex should be considered to assess and differentiate atherogenic risk factors, and when health professionals recommend lifestyle modifications.
Authors and Affiliations
Kawaljit Kaur, Jaspinder Kaur, Sargun Singh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP242573
- DOI 10.9734/IBRR/2014/11306
- Views 97
- Downloads 0
Anti-retroviral Treatment Related Haematological Disorders among HIV- Infected Children Attending HIV Clinic at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Background: The Management of drug toxicities is increasingly becoming a crucial component of human immunodeficiency virus infection and improvement of antiretroviral therapy in developing countries like Ethiopia. The se...
Some Blood Cell Changes and Alteration in Renal and Hepatic Function in Pre-eclampsia: A Study in Owerri Nigeria
Aims: We studied some blood cell changes and alterations in renal and hepatic functions in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia and determined baselines for the population in owerri, south east Nigeria. Study Design: It was a cro...
Microbicidal Activity of Neutrophils Isolated from HIV Patients
HIV infection is associated with a progressive loss of T cell functional capacity and reduced responsiveness to antigenic stimuli. Neutrophils are crucial cellular components of the innate immune system. Current study ev...
Influence of Obesity and Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Serum Ferritin and Insulin Levels in Young Adults
Aim: Obesity and family history of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors for the development of type 2 Diabetes mellitus in youth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between serum f...
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening among Apparently Healthy Men of African Descent in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria
Background: Globally prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is present in small amount in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated...