SOCIAL-POLITICAL AND LEGAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL COURT IN AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGUARY
Journal Title: Jurnalul juridic naţional: teorie şi practică - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 6
Abstract
The article analyzes the sociopolitical and legal background of the formation of regional courts (ger.: Landesgerichte) in the Galician region of Austria and Austria-Hungary. The legal basis for the organization and operation of regional courts in Galicia (1855–1918) is described. It was noted that the regional court served as the first and second instance. It was shown that the creation of collegial judicial bodies in Galicia – the regional courts – was based on the Law of September 14, 1852, and it was necessary in the middle of the XIX century. As of 1914, 19 regional and 12 district courts and 7 in Western Galicia acted in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna. Since 1868, all regional courts, except Lviv and Krakiv, have become called district, although their competence has practically not changed. Local courts were the courts of first instance for certain districts, as well as courts of the second instance (appeals) for questionnaires in districts of their competence. The jurisdiction of the regional courts belonged to all civil and criminal cases, which were not included in the competence of other courts. In criminal cases (crimes in the sphere of politics and the press), where a long imprisonment was assumed, jury trials were operating at the regional courts.
Authors and Affiliations
Ivan KOVALCHUK
Keywords
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