Стійкість різних сортів Vіola × wittroсkiаna Gams. до стресових факторів
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
Viola × wittrockiana is an excellent plant for flower parterres, flower beds, spots on lawns, for a vase on the ground, for decorating balconies and for cutting. An interesting fact is the use of Vіola × wittroсkiаna flowers in cooking. The climate of the Zaporizhzhia region is characterized by the tense nature of the water regime, which is particularly exacerbated by the background of global warming. Also, the problem for the southern part of this territory is the salinisation of soils bordering the Azov Sea. In view of the above, the purpose of our work is to investigate resistance of the three cultivars of Vіola × wittroсkiаna to the effects of drought and salinity in the early stages of ontogenesis. As a research object was choosen three cultivars of Vіola × wittroсkiаna: Bride (Narechena), Solar Kiss (Soniachnyi potsilunok) and Black King (Chornyi korol') belonging to the group of large-flowered. To simulate the effect of drought in the growing medium, a 1 % solution of sucrose was added. Investigation of the effect of salinization in the early stages of ontogenesis Vіola × wittroсkiаna was carried out at the expense of a 0.5 % solution of NaCl. Control seeds were sprouted on distilled water. The laboratory similarity of the seeds was analyzed, the dynamics and energy of its germination were evaluated, morphometric measurements of the roots of the Vіola × wittroсkiаna seedlings were performed. The obtained results are processed by the methods of mathematical statistics. The moisture deficit did not affect the similarity of the seeds of Vіola × wittroсkiаna varieties Solar Kiss and Black King, but reduced this parameter to the Bride's cultivar by 60.0 % compared to the control. In the conditions of salinization of the growing medium, germination of seeds of the cultivars of the Bride and the Solar kiss during the experiment was not observed at all, while the Black King variety was 45.5 % inferior to the norm. The effect of investigated stress factors significantly degrades the laboratory similarity, reduces the energy of seed germination, prolongs the process of germination in time. Particularly negative effect is the presence of chloride ions in the medium of growth. It was established that drought significantly inhibits the growth processes of the root of the seedlings of Vіola × wittroсkiаna, especially – the Black King cultivar. An even more pronounced negative effect on the growth of the root of the seedlings reveals salinization: under these conditions, the seeds of the cultivars of the Bride and the Solar Kiss did not sprout at all during the model experiment. The value of the root index (0.11) of the seedlings of the Black King species indicates strong stress. Изучено влияние стрессовых факторов (засоление среды выращивания, эффект засухи) на характеристики прорастания семян (лабораторная всхожесть, динамика и энергия прорастания), а также на ростовые процессы корня проростков трех сортов фиалки Виттрока. Выявлено, что засоление имеет более выраженный отрицательный эффект на изученные характеристики по сравнению с дефицитом влаги.
Authors and Affiliations
Яковлєва-Носарь С. О. , Джабарян Г. В. Yakovlevа-Nosar’ S. O. , Dzhabaryan G. V.
Keywords
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