Sub-lethal Effects of Herbicide Sulfosulfuron on the Clitellum Development, Cocoon Production, Hatchlings/cocoon and Survival of hatchlings of Earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni
Journal Title: International Journal of Zoological Investigations - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
The significant reduction in clitellum development, cocoon production/earthworm and hatchlings/ cocoon as well as survival of hatchlings of earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni were observed after all the treatments of sub-lethal exposure (20% and 60%) of LC50 of herbicide sulfosulfuron of different combination of feed materials [buffalo dung (BD), wheat straw (WS) and gram bran (GB)] at different exposure periods (24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 240 h). The time- and dose-dependent effects were observed after these treatments on the clitellum development, cocoon production and hatchlings/cocoon as well as survival of hatchlings of earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni. There was no mortality observed in control. There was no significant (P< 0.05, t- test) difference between control and 20% of LC50 of sulfosulfuron with BD+WS+GB at all exposure periods, this shows that the vermicompost of feed material of this combination was more potential for use in agricultural fields because it enhanced the tolerance power of earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni against herbicide.
Authors and Affiliations
Keshav Singh
Keywords
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