SUBJECTS OF THE INTERIOR OF THE UKRAINIAN TRADITIONAL HUT IN THE SPIRITUAL WORLD OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIAN REGION
Journal Title: Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис Галичина - Year 2017, Vol 29, Issue
Abstract
The Ukrainian traditional hut, its interior items were studied in various aspects: material support and spiritual appointment. In most scientific papers, information on the symbolic-magic aspect of the interior of the hut are absent. Therefore, the study of the use of traditional dwelling in the spiritual environment of a peasant allows us to reveal the inner world of Ukrainians by the example of Hutsuls, Boyik, Lemkos. In the proposed article we aim to reconstruct the source information about Ukrainian traditional housing in the Ukrainian Carpathians of the late XIX – early twentieth century. The choice of such a time interval is conditioned, first of all, by the availability of published sources, which during the period under review were regularly published in ethnographic collections, memoirs of ethnographer-enthusiasts, and priests who were descriptive. Significant information in the study of the problem is collected during field ethnographic studies of ethnographers and directly by the author himself. The spiritual world of the interior of the traditional Ukrainian hut among the ethnographic groups of the Carpathian region is considered. An attempt was made to determine the symbolic roots of the dwelling. It is known that in ancient times our ancestors called their home Bereginya, because it protected not only from cold, but from evil, but kept the purity of the human soul, sanctified its thoughts. It has long been considered its prototype of the universe, where the roof is a sky, its own home – the earth’s world, the lower part of the building – the underworld. Each part of the home had its symbolic meaning: the stove symbolized a family hearth and was sacred as a mother. She warmed up, fed everyone, and her fire was the good power coming from the sun. The most sacred place in the house was the devastation, where the icons were hung, decorated with towels and fragrant herbs, planting honorary guests, young people during the wedding, and put the grandfather on Christmas Day. It was investigated that the table in the peasant house was used as a ritual object, where ritual actions were carried out, which were supposed to ensure well-being in the house and prosperity. His sacredness was clearly manifested in the traditional way of mountain regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians to make the table bread of different sizes, especially on holidays. A special sacred significance in the spiritual life of the Ukrainian people was not only the furnace, the cooking and the table, but also such as a chest, a bed, a cradle, a slime, a fireplace, thinkers, lava and even a deck. After examining and analyzing the importance of interior design, a certain classification has been developed for several types, which made it possible to state the traditional view of the Ukrainian people. Namely, the internal area of the cottage is divided into a working place (the manger, the floor) ceremonial (cooking, oven, table, slab, fireplace, threshold, towels) and household (bed, chest, cradle, lava). We managed to determine that, according to popular ideas, the decoration of housing, its attractive appearance also affected the character of family members. It has been established that traditional Ukrainian housing is a necessary condition for the existence of any person, therefore it occupies a very important place not only in the material but also in the spiritual culture of every nation. In the exterior, ethnic expression is expressed, mainly, in the way of designing individual elements. The interior is characterized by a greater ethnic specificity, which depends on external conditions: the nature of planning, arrangement, furniture, utensils, elements of decoration, etc. It also has its own symbolism at the level of world outlook and worldview. Accordingly, decorated dwelling, among other things, serves aesthetic needs. The decoration of the dwelling can rightly be called a special type of creative activity, which is associated with the creation of objects of decorative and applied arts and the search for their special place in the living space, with each element of the latter having its own symbolism. It is determined that to date, in the described symbolism of the most important elements of the interior of the traditional Ukrainian house, we see remnants of primitive human perceptions of the surrounding world that lived for a long time, because the village lived for centuries in difficult socio-economic conditions. With the changing conditions of life, the radical restructuring of the villages gradually leaves in history the ancient sym¬bolism of household items. A new life generates a new symbolism, which even more embellishes and enriches it.
Authors and Affiliations
Svitlana BOYAN-GLADKA
Keywords
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