SYNERGETIC APPROACH IN THE SYSTEM OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Південноукраїнського національного педагогічного університету імені К. Д. Ушинського - Year 2017, Vol 115, Issue 2
Abstract
The synergetic approach among other general scientific approaches is widely used while cognizing and transforming objects; it is manifested in cognitive and transforming activities and is the general scientific basis of pedagogy. The principle of systematicity is the basis for systemic analysis, whereas the principle of development is the basis for the theory of synergetics (self-organization). Both principles mutually complement each other and in reality form a unity which is reflected in cognition as a unity of the theories of self-organization and systemic research, the first two ones being grounded on methodology and theoretical conclusions of the latter ones. In order to consider the main notions of synergetics regarding professional training targeted to the future pedagogues within the system of distance education, one should limit the problem field of the study using this necessary and sufficient thesaurus: self-organization, self-actualization and self-realization. Self-organization is a process (or a set of processes) which takes place in a system facilitating the maintenance of its optimal functioning, self-building, self-improvement and self-modification of this very systemic creation. As far as self-organization is qualitative as well as a structural modification of objective reality, synergetics is the theory of development. Self-actualization is a continuous realization of potential capabilities, abilities and talents; performance of one’s mission or a call of fate and, therefore, acceptance of one’s own primordial nature; a relentless striving for unity, integration, or internal synergy of a person. Thus, synergetics considers regularities of the processes of systemic integration and self-organization in different systems. The synergetic approach has been actively assimilating into the system of education. There are different views on the definition of «the synergetic approach». Synergetics can give general reference points for scientific research, predicting and modeling processes in complex social systems as well as in the sphere of education, since the subjects of its research are the laws of self-organization and evolution of non-equilibrium open systems that are in a state of instability. Within the synergetic approach a person is considered as «an open system» who exchange energy, substance and information with the surrounding environment, having certain inner contents and plenty of internal states. Person’s life is described as «trajectory» of the system's motion in time. As a system, «inertia» is typical of a person, the tendency to maintain a linear motion, if there are no external influences, to be more precise. As an open system, a person determines a possibility to acquire qualitatively new, «emerging» properties. Acquisition of these properties is connected with a complicated complex of internal and external influences and interactions, their manifestation can actually lead to a jump-like change in the «trajectory» at any moment, lose «linearity» of development, «fallout» of the subject from the limits in which its trajectory is easily and precisely predictable on the basis of the known in science (probabilistic) laws of development. These properties of the system called «a person» determine the fact that, starting from a certain moment, connected with the achieved level of development, it is only possible to describe its qualities and predict probabilistically its further trajectory of development. According to the research, these are the conditions that enable the organization of the self-guided work targeted to the future teachers of Physical Culture which can become crucial for the success of their training and preparation for professional activities in general.
Authors and Affiliations
Oleh Pidhirnyi
Keywords
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