System of determination of cross-border crime
Journal Title: ПИТАННЯ БОРОТЬБИ ЗІ ЗЛОЧИННІСТЮ - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 35
Abstract
The article presents a generalized system of factors determining cross-border crime. The approaches to the allocation of the causes and conditions of crime, adopted in foreign and national criminology have been analyzed. Criminogenic factors determining cross-border crimes have been established. Given the object difference of these crimes, the causal complexes, typical for each of their types, have been identified. The special emphasis has been made on the cross-border influence on crime in different forms of its realization taking into account its dynamics. The role of situational and victimological factors has been analyzed separately from the point of view of rational choice and standard activity theories. In addition, a separate problem specific to cross-border crimes is analyzed, namely, the differences that are often manifested in the neighboring states regarding approaches to assess their consequences. Often it takes place when one of the adjacent states establishes criminal responsibility for a certain act, and in another, for example, there is an administrative one. Or, when combating an act that is formally recognized as a crime on the territory of both adjacent states with a different degree of interest. This is due to economic or political (less often cultural) preconditions. Conclusions have been drawn that a high level of social anomie is a significant factor of public consciousness in Ukraine regarding the cross-border crime. This phenomenon characterizes the discrepancy between the formally declared public goals and the approved means of achieving them. As a result of the impossibility of achieving them by legal means, the accepted practice is to commit cross-border offenses. The community of the borderland population is characterized by multidirectional motives connected to cross-border crime. The measures aimed at stimulating the anti-criminal stability of citizens and preventing the criminalization of the part of the society related to the population of the borderland have been substantiated. The difficulty is that an effective methodology for assessing factors determining of all cross-border crimes can not be elaborated.. In addition, it should be taken into account that the complete identity of the approach to the criminalization of the same acts in neighboring states is quite rare. Also, within the same state, the legislative processes of criminalization and decriminalization are permanent. Measures aimed at considering factors in the mechanism of combating crossborder crime have been substantiated. This can be achieved, inter alia, through creating of the map of relevant general risk by interacting law enforcement agencies of the adjacent states, their periodical refining and assigning these risks to the priority of operational and service activity regardless of the change in the political situation in any of the neighboring countries.
Authors and Affiliations
С. О. Філіппов, S. A. Filippov
Keywords
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