The Consequences of Corporal Punishment of Children by Parents in the Home and Family Environment
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2012, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
How adults behave has a profound impact on children’s personality and their acquired habits. The Persian equivalent of punishment means to make somebody aware of something and to wake someone up. However, corporal punishment means using physical force to cause pain without any injury in order to discipline (behavior correction and control) children. Corporal punishment is considered as a form of child abuse and it is the most common form of violence in the family which violates the rights of the child. Psychologies usually do not approve of corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has a short-term and long-term destructive impact on both the body and mind of the child. It can have negative effects such as fear, not learning the proper behavior, justifying hurting others, being aggressive towards the punisher, showing improper reactions and being a wrong model for other. Research studies indicate that house-keeping mothers with low level of education are more likely to use corporal punishment. And behavioral problems such as physical and verbal aggression, non-cooperativeness are more in children punished corporally by their parents than in those who are not punished. Therefore, educating parents regarding the bad impact of corporal punishment on children’s body and mind as well as educating them concerning the positive ways of rearing children can be effective in reducing the use of corporal punishment. Furthermore, other substitutes for corporal punishment can be saturation, passage of time, reinforcement of the incompatible behavior and turning a blind eye on misbehavior. طرز رفتار بزرگسالان اثر عمیقی بر شخصیت کودکان و عادات کسب شده توسط آنها دارد. تنبیه به معنای آگاهانیدن، بیدار کردن، واقف گردانیدن به چیزی و آگاه و هوشیاری کردن آمده است. تنبیه‌بدنی به معنای استفاده از نیروی فیزیکی جهت ایجاد درد بدون صدمه، به منظور تربیت (تصحیح یا کنترل رفتار) کودک می باشد. تنبیه‌بدنی یک نوع کودک آزاری و شایع ترین نوع خشونت در خانواده است که موجب نقض حقوق کودک می شود. معمولاً روان شناسان تنبیه‌بدنی را جایز نمی‌دانند. تنبیه‌بدنی دارای اثرات مخرب کوتاه و بلند مدت برجسم و روح کودک می‌باشد و عوارض نامطلوبی همچون ترس، عدم یادگیری رفتار درست، توجیه صدمه زدن به دیگران، پرخاشگری نسبت به عامل تنبیه کننده، جانشین شدن یک پاسخ نامطلوب به جای پاسخ نامطلوب دیگر و الگو برداری از آن توسط دیگران را به همراه دارد. پژوهش‌ها حاکی از آن است که مادران خانه‌دار و دارای سطح تحصیلات پایین، بیشتر از تنبیه‌بدنی استفاده می‌کنند و مشکلات رفتاری مثل پرخاشگری عملی و کلامی، گوشه‌گیری و عدم همکاری در کودکانی که توسط والدین تنبیه می‌شدند نسبت به آنها که تنبیه نمی‌شدند بیشتر می‌باشد. بنابراین، آموزش اثرات بد تنبیه‌بدنی بر جسم و روح کودک به والدین و نیز آموزش روش‌های تربیتی مثبت به آنها می تواند در کاهش استفاده از تنبیه‌بدنی به عنوان یک روش تربیتی موثر باشد علاوه بر این، بهتر است از روش‌های جانشین تنبیه همچون اشباع، گذشت زمان، تقویت رفتار ناهمساز و نادیده گرفتن استفاده کرد.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohammad reza Tamannaifar, Fateme Salami Mohammadabadi, somayye Dashtbanzadeh
Keywords
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