The effects of the morphology of the facial skeleton and occlusion on the dimension of the upper respiratory tract – a literature review
Journal Title: Forum Ortodontyczne - Year 2017, Vol 13, Issue 3
Abstract
Because the throat and dentofacial structures are in close proximity, mutual effects of the skeletal model and occlusion on the respiratory tract have become interesting for orthodontists. Cephalograms may be used as a tool to assess the anterior-posterior dimension of the upper respiratory tract. A correlation between occlusion and morphology of the facial skeleton and dimensions of the airways can be supported by the following: presence of craniofacial abnormalities in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and orthodontic and surgical treatment. <b>Aim.</b> The aim of the work includes presentation of current reports regarding the effects of skeletal relationships and occlusal conditions of patients on the dimensions of the respiratory tract. <b>Material and methods.</b> 91 articles from the years 1963–2015 present in the PubMed/MEDLINE database were analysed. The following key words were used: airway obstruction, malocclusion, obstructive sleep apnea, orthognathic surgery. The review included 50 papers regarding the effects of maxillofacial morphology on the dimensions of the airways. <b>Discussion.</b> In patients with a skeletal class II and a deficit of the mandibular growth the respiratory tract volume was significantly reduced compared to patients with skeletal class I and III. In patients with an increased value of the ML-NL angle the dimension of the upper respiratory tract was reduced. Reports from studies on the effects of occlusal conditions on the dimension of airways are contradictory. Some authors suggest the effects of the Angle’s class II on impaired patency of the mesopharynx, but other authors do not confirm this correlation. <b>Conclusions.</b> Understanding a causal relationship between a malocclusion and a direction of growth of the patient’s maxillary bones and dimensions of the upper respiratory tract allows to predict any possible positive effects of orthodontic treatment on respiration in children. <b>(Kołciuk L, Kołciuk A, Dylewski Ł, Zadurska M. the effects of the morphology of the facial skeleton and occlusion on the dimension of the upper respiratory tract – a literature review. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 178-89)</b>
Authors and Affiliations
Lidia Kołciuk, Andrzej Kołciuk, Łukasz Dylewski, Małgorzata Zadurska
Keywords
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