The influence of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the mother and the child
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2010, Vol 23, Issue 5
Abstract
Vitamin D is necessary for maintaining appropriate calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body (classical function) and for ensuring appropriate functioning of many tissues, organs, cells not related to mineral economy (nonclassical function). Women with serious Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy have increased risk for preeclampsia, and their children - right after birth - for seisures with hypocalcemia. The effect of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is birth of a baby with Vitamin D deficiency which can result in the development of rikets, defects of tooth bone, decreased bone mass, increased risk for fractures, increased development of various diseases: autoimmunological, cardio-vascular, metabolic, cancer. The causes for Vitamin D deficiency in healthy women during pregnancy are: decreased level of cutaneus synthesis as well as inadequate intake of Vitamin D in food and in supplements. Vitamin D deficiency (level 25(OH) D below 20 ng/ml) is common. It occurs in several dozen percent of healthy women in many regions of the world, independent of race. The daily dosage of Vitamin D consumption as set by Food and Nutrition Board in 1997 (400 IU/day) is insufficient. The biggest obstacle is that the dosage of 50 µg/day is the highest level in food supplements, also for pregnant women. Nowadays, it is known that pregnant women require Vitamin D supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy. It recommended that adults require a minimum of 800-1000 IU/day when the exposition to the sun is inadequate (in Poland from October to April). This dosage should be given to all women who avoid being exposed to sunlight. From April to September, taking into consideration sun exposure to 18% of the skin for 15 minutes per day, additional supplementation of Vitamin D should be 400 IU/day.
Authors and Affiliations
Ewa Marcinowska - Suchowierska, Magdalena Walicka
Keywords
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