The neuroprotective effects of rivastigmine on brain edema, blood-brain barrier and neurological score after severe traumatic brain injury in male rat: a behavioral, biochemistry and histological study
Journal Title: International Neuroscience Conference (NEURO-2023) - Year 2023, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the cause of death and disability among all age groups, along with social and economic effects. Rivastigmine is one of the drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's, dementia and Parkinson's dementia. Some neurotransmitters also play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the cholinergic system, acetylcholine (ACh) and butyrylcholine (BCh), play a role in important neural processes such as memory and learning, so in this research project, we investigated the role of rivastigmine in neuron protection in the process of diffuse concussion in rats and also its effect. We examined interleukins and histological findings. Materials and methods: After induction of anesthesia and cannulation in the trachea, 56 Wistar rats underwent diffuse controlled brain injury by Marmarou method, and 30 minutes later, the drug was injected intraperitoneally with different doses and repeated in the following days. After 72 hours, CSF was collected from Cisterna Magna and used for ELISA test to evaluate the level of interleukins. Rats were killed under deep anesthesia and their brains were removed and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Staining with hematoxilin and eosin was used. Blood-brain barrier permeability was tested by Evans dye injection after induction of trauma in rats of the respective group. Results: our findings showed that rivastigmine in doses of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg can reduce these differences compared to the control group (Sham and Intact) (p<0.001)). It should be noted that rivastigmine was more effective at a dose of 2 mg/kg (P<0.0001). No significant difference was observed in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg (P>0.05). Rivastigmine also increases IL-10 and decreases interleukin 1B in CSF (P<0.0001). Histological findings have also been in the direction of reducing neuronal and perivascular edema and neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be seen that rivastigmine has neuronal protection effects in the brain and has been able to affect the consequences of concussion and reduce cerebral edema, accelerate the improvement of the blood-brain barrier and neurological and balance scores. Also, histological changes have been achieved in the direction of recovery. Therefore, rivastigmine can have neuroprotective properties in concussion. Second, it also has neuron anti-inflammatory effects.
Authors and Affiliations
Ali Siahposht-khachaki *, Saeed Sadeghhasani
Keywords
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