THE ORIGIN OF DOCUMENTING COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS IN MESOPOTAMIA. THE TOKEN WRITING SYSTEM, CUNEIFORM WRITING, ALPHABET. PART 2
Journal Title: Проблеми системного підходу в економіці - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 68
Abstract
The present article consists of two parts. Part 1. The author provides arguments to disclose who, when and for what reasons started the documentation of commercial transactions in Mesopotamia. There is the theory presented and supported by the author, that by means of documentation of commercial transactions the demand of the farmers to guard commercial transactions against cheating and stealing of goods by the carrier staff was met. The time period defined when the wholesale trade started in Mesopotamia, and the type of the first trade documents, as well as the type of letters used for communication. The arguments presented that tokens are the first writing system and when it started. Part 2. It presents who, when and for what reason invented writing and how the economic factors, as well as the demand for security of commercial transactions, drove the token and cuneiform writing development and the invention of the Phoenician alphabet. The sequence of events was as follows. The token writing development finished when along with pictures of token new pictures of goods emerged. The wholesale trade started a new kind of deals (goods or commodity credit agreement). That made cuneiform code system to attach to a glyph the phonetic component. The demand to produce a large number of trade documents was the key factor for the beginning of such profession as scribe and therefore new customers of writing as administrators and priests. They made scribes to develop writing further to meet their needs. The wide circulation of cuneiform writing among neighbor countries started the process of cuneiform simplification. And when Phoenicians changed the media and technology of putting glyphs on the media, they came back to pictographic glyphs but with phonetic component only.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrii Sikorskyi
Keywords
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- EP ID EP512187
- DOI 10.32782/2520-2200/2018-6-2
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