The Problem of Justice in French Philosophy of the Twentieth Century
Journal Title: Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка - Year 2017, Vol 83, Issue 1
Abstract
The article examines the problem of justice in the French philosophy of the twentieth century. The views of representatives of different philosophical directions on justice have been analyzed: Alain Badiou, Georges Bataille, André Glucksmann, Etienne Gilson, Albert Camus, Emmanuel Levinas, Gabriel Honoré Marcel, Jean Paul Gustave Ricoeur. The research is based on comparitive, feminology approaches and hermeneutical method. Based on comparatives approach semantic Parallels in the understanding of justice have been identified.Feminology approach allowed proving that the sense of justice is characteristic of the individual of personal level of development. Hermeneutical method allowed finding out the particular understanding of justice in different philosophical concepts. It has been found out that they originated from the considerations of Blaise Pascal and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Thus, the first connected justice with tradition and power, and the second – with ideas of identity and equality. It has been revealed that the idea of justice was studied in the context of religious, existential, ethical, and social issues. In the religious philosophy, the idea of justice was considered as a virtue, bound to truth and tribute. Existentialists paid attention to the connection of justice with freedom, human dignity and personality. Representatives of the ethical direction associated justice with morality, love, interpersonal relationships. Social philosophy linked justice with equality, equitable distribution. The positive and negative aspects of interpretation of justice from the representatives of each direction have been revealed. Common fundamental drawback in the study of the problem of justice in French philosophy is that the level of spiritual development of man, his moral qualities were not taken into account. Each direction made a fetish of this or that factor of justice, being unable to formulate a coherent theory of justice. However, despite certain differences and contradictions in the interpretation of justice French philosophers put man and its relationship with society in the center of its studies.
Authors and Affiliations
M. V. Sabadukha
Keywords
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