The Ship as an Instrument of the Policy of States in the Struggle for Law and Order in the World Ocean: the Historical and Legal Aspect
Journal Title: Lex portus - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Today there is no doubt the relevance of the problem of the nationality of the vessel, which is directly related to the existence of a real connection between the vessel and the Flag State. A comprehensive research of institute of a real connection of the vessel with the Flag State, including historical and legal origins, allows to analyse experience, to identify errors and tendencies of the development. The historical and legal origins of connection between the vessel and the state can be repeated in other historical circumstances. For example, the unevenness of economic development of the states can create conditions according to which the state can resort to illegal methods of using the vessel for the sake of overcoming poverty. The article analyzes historical and legal events in which the vessel is used as an instrument of struggle for the rule of law in the World Ocean. Economic and political reasons that influenced on the formation of a real connection of the vessel with the state are determined. It is determined that a loophole for the legal redistribution of colonial possessions was found in the institute of privateering. The article justifies the statement that existence of the institute of privateering was profitable and was used as an instrument for struggle against the colonial system, because legal methods were powerless. The period of the Great Geographical Discoveries demonstrates the specific foreshortening of connection between the vessel and the state, which arise in the context of the formation of closed and open sea concepts. In particular, at this time there is connection between the vessel and the state, as for example, the conditions of the Treaty of Tordesillas. The vessels that violated the terms of this Treaty must be "immediately passed to own Kings." That is, the Treaty did not provide penalties from the party to the Treaty whose right was violated, but only stipulated the obligation to transfer the offender to the state of belonging the vessel. This principle is an evident example of one of the elements of connection between the vessel and the state, which in the modern international maritime conventions reseives his further development, what will be shown in the following sections. Another interesting demonstration of the connection between the vessel and the state during this period can be found in such documents as "Capitulacion" and "Ansiento". Analyzing the documents, it becomes clear that the significance of the vessel and the tasks assigned to her on the development of the spaces of the World Ocean and new territories are put on so high level that the expedition organizer can require for himself not only economic but also political rights.
Authors and Affiliations
Ольга Савич, Галина Півторак, Olga Savych, Galyna Pivtorak
Keywords
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