The Universal Islamic Declaration on Human Rights and the Problem of Inequalities of Rights between Men and Women
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2013, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
The Universal Islamic Declaration on Human Rights (the UIDHR) is the most important official replication to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (the UDHR) by Islamic countries, and based on that, it has been attempted to provide a declaration containing the benefits of the UDHR and at the same time devoid of its faults. However, a detailed study of the UIDHR makes us uncertain in achieving these objectives. In this study, after a brief introduction of the history and development of the provisions of the UIDHR, incompatible cases with the provisions of the UDHR are reported, some inequalities of rights between men and women are recognized and arguments in favor of it are mentioned, interpreted and analyzed. It appears that the UIDHR, as an universal document, which seeks to ensure human rights, carries three major drawbacks; first, implicit approval of some of inequalities of rights between men and women based on gender and religion; second, fluid and variable interpretative sources; third, lack of sanction. These three problems have diminished the reputation of this declaration and changed it to a number of non-binding ethical recommendations. چکیده اعلامیه اسلامی حقوق بشر، مهم‌ترین پاسخ رسمی کشورهای اسلامی به اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر به شمار می‌رود و تلاش شده است تا بر اساس آن متنی دارای فوائد آن اعلامیه و در همان حال تهی از نقائص آن به دست داده شود. با این همه، خوانش دقیق این اعلامیه، ما را در تحقق این اهداف مردد می‌سازد. در این نوشته، پس از مقدمه‌ای کوتاه از تاریخچه شکل‌گیری و مواد این اعلامیه، مواردی که با مفاد اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر ناسازگار است و برخی از نابرابری‌ها را به رسمیت شناخته، گزارش و ادله موافقان و مفسران آن نقل و تحلیل شده است. به نظر می‌رسد که اعلامیه اسلامی حقوق بشر، به عنوان متنی جهانی که در پی تأمین حقوق بشر است، سه دشواری اساسی دارد: اول، تأیید ضمنی برخی نابرابری‌ها بر اساس دین و جنسیت، دوم، به دست دادن مرجع تفسیری سیال و لغزنده. سوم، نداشتن ضمانت اجرا. این سه مسئله موجب شده است تا اعتبار این اعلامیه، عملاً به تعدادی توصیه‌های اخلاقی غیر‌الزامی، فروکاسته شود.
Authors and Affiliations
Seyyed Hassan Eslami
Keywords
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