Therapeutic Drug Monitoring By Reverse Iontophoresis
Journal Title: Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy - Year 2012, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules possessing distinct pharmacokinetic variation, narrow therapeutic index and concentration dependent therapeutic/adverse effects demand constant monitoring. The current methods for blood sampling are invasive and possess low patient compliance. Human skin, selective and effective membrane to chemical permeation, offers an alternative route for the extraction of endogenous molecules in the body. Significant attention has been received in the application of reverse iontophoresis in extracting drugs/biomaterials from the subdermal region. This technique involves transiting of a low electric current across the skin usually with couple of skin electrodes to extract charged as well as neutral molecules. Electromigration and electroosmosis are the two basic mechanisms involved in transport of molecules. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the potential of reverse iontophoresis as a noninvasive tool in clinical chemistry and therapeutic drug monitoring. This technology is currently being used in device such as Glucowatch Biogrpaher which allows blood glucose detection across skin layers. Advances in technology and rapid progress in research has widely improved the opportunity of this system, and the recent trend indicates that several products are likely to be developed very soon. This review provides an overview about the recent developments in reverse iontophoresis for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Authors and Affiliations
Anroop Nair, Ankit Goel, Shashi Prakash, Ashok Kumar
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP150730
- DOI -
- Views 75
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Pistia stratiotes Linn.
The ethanolic extract of the plant Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) was investigated for activity against Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma and nematode Ascardi galli. Various concentrations (10, 20, 50 mg/ml) of ethanolic...
CACO-2 CELL LINES IN DRUG DISCOVERY - AN UPDATED PERSPECTIVE
Cell lines are the invitro models used for the drug permeability studies in the preclinical and clinical phases of the drug discovery. Cell line models are simple and quick to use and avoids the usage of animal models fo...
Emergence of Multidrug Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Eshcherichia coli Associated With Urinary Tract Infections in Bangladesh
The incidence of infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli has been increased dramatically in recent years. Treatment is difficult because of frequent multidrug resistance. To iden...
Anti-Infl ammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Beta Vulgaris L.
The present study deals with the investigation of phytochemically evaluated aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris for its anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induc...