TO THE ISSUE OF “BADENIZATION” OF SOUTH-EASTERN PERIPHERY OF FUNNEL BEAKER CULTURE
Journal Title: Матеріали і дослідження з археології Прикарпаття і Волині - Year 2016, Vol 20, Issue
Abstract
New materials which appear recently show contacts of Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) with Baden culture (BC) in its south-eastern periphery. In the second half of IV kyr. B.C. Baden culture begins to increase the area of their inhabitation and in the northern direction they reached the headwater of the Vistula River in the region of Krakow, where in fact they occupied territory of FBC. During the process of such close adjacency intensive and peaceful contacts between these two cultures took place. Moreover, they had a one-way direction towards FBC. Consequently, the group of sites with features of mixed Funnel Beaker-Baden cultures appeared in FBC group: Bronocice (phase IV, V), Sharbiya, Książnice Wielki and others. Besides of Western Lesser Poland “badenization” of FBC is also took place in Greater Poland and in Kujawa. On the sites of FBC on the territory between the Western Bug River and headwater of the Dniester River there is no data indicating direct imports Baden culture for now. It can only be claimed certain borrowing in ornamentation of ceramic ware (incised lines along the entire height of the product, fluting) and plastic decoration. Such finds are represented by separate exemplars: Grudek, Zymne, Vynnyky-Lysivka. About ten exemplars were discovered on the Kotoryny settlement which is the extreme south-eastern point of the areal of FBC. New materials from Zymne settlement with unusual for FBC ornament are introduced at the article. These and other finds suggest that elements of Baden culture got there from relatives of FBC from the territory of Western Lesser Poland, which by then obtained features of Baden and Corded Ware cultures. Ways of contacts could take place from the west along the San and Dniester Rivers and in Volhynian area along the Vistula and Western Bug Rivers and on the contrary in the opposite direction. Chronology of the appearance of these finds is complicated, because the laboratory dates from such settlements as Grudek, Zymne and Kotoryny have wide frames that actually match to the period of existence of FBC on the examined area: 3700/3650–800 ВС. We can assume that Baden features at the material culture of FBC appeared at the end of IV kyr. B.C., in the period of formation of horizon of Funnel Beaker-Baden cultures in the territory of the Western Lesser Poland.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrij Havins'kyj, Wojciech Pasterkiewicz
Keywords
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