TO THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFYING THE FEATURES INHERENT IN THE UNIFICATION OF CO-OWNERSHIP OF MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDINGS AS A SUBJECT OF CIVIL LAW
Journal Title: Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Юридичні науки - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of the association of co-owners of a multi-apartment building (ACMH) as a subject of civil law, the definition of general and specific features inherent in this entity, which distinguishes it from among other subjects of civil legal relations. Identifying these features is important. This will solve problems not only theoretical, but also practical significance regarding the legal personality of ACMHs. This is, in particular, the presence of a number of organizational issues in the area of property and liability relationships involving ACMHs. Their presence is due to gaps, shortcomings and contradictions of the current legislation that regulates this sphere of social relations; is the result of the absence of a clearly defined legal status of ACMH in a positive law. Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Association of Co-Owners of Multi-Apartment Houses» defines ACMHs as an association of co-owners, although it recognizes its legal entity. On the other hand, Art. 4 of the same law stipulates that it is created as a non-commercial partnership. According to the author, the condominiums are more characteristic of a «partnership» than an «association». The author argues this position that the civil law in general is not known as such an organizational and legal form of a legal entity as an association. Legislation allows only the use of this category to identify the association of legal entities (among the types – association, corporation, concern, consortium). Therefore, the attributes peculiar to this subject as a subject of civil legal relations should be regulated. There are gaps in determining the legal regime for property owned by ACMHs. There is a clear need to distinguish between property, proper ACMHs and property belonging to its members. This is explained by the fact that, in accordance with its obligations, a legal entity meets its property. A legal entity is not liable for the obligations of the participants, but they are not liable for the obligations of the legal entity. The lack of property owned by the condominium as a legal entity makes it virtually impossible to bring the latter to civil liability. Problems are the attempts of suppliers and utility providers to «involve» the stakeholder of condominiums (as a responsible person). Legislation should clearly stipulate that the party to the communal services contract is its final consumers (apartment owners of multi-apartment buildings), but not ACMHs. A condominium may be a party to such contracts only in relation to the services and resources provided for the maintenance and servicing of indivisible assets (illumination of entrances, steps, maintenance of elevators, cleaning and improvement of the adjoining territory, etc.). The lack of a clear regulation of the legal regime of the adjoining territory and the procedure for establishing its boundaries is due to the fact that in a number of cases this issue is not resolved at all, in a number - such territory is issued on the rights of ownership or on land lease rights (which is economically disadvantageous from the point of view the need to pay the cost of rent payments). The issue of the possibility (or prohibition) of the operation of ACMHs and the distribution of profits between its participants is also necessary, which is an important sign of identification and definition of the essence of the condominium and its legal status.
Authors and Affiliations
В. В. Калюжна
Keywords
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