Trends of the development of ethical concepts on the medical activity in the historical retrospective.
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Льотної академії. Серія: Педагогічні науки - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
The article is based on the generalization of the results of the analysis of scientific literature and tendencies of the development of ethical representations of medical activity in the historical heritage of medicine. It has been found out that the foundations of professional ethics, as a doctrine of professional morality, are fixed in the moral codes , i.e. a set of moral norms and rules. The constantly changing historical and social conditions have repeatedly transformed the ethical concepts of medical activity.The oaths that formulate the moral standards of the doctor’s behavior existed even in ancient times. However, at the present stage of the development of medicine, they are relevant, because they are perceived as a full-fledged moral force and humanism document, that is the basis of the ethical education of future doctors. Among the valuable records of the culture of the past that have come down to us and reflect the development of ethics and deontology medicine, there are the Old Indian treatises, works of outstanding physicians and philosophers of the Ancient East, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome that deserve special attention. Much attention, along with ethical education, was also given to the improvement of medical mastery. For this purpose, conversations with the colleagues, discussions with older and more experienced doctors concerning some complecated diseases were strongly encouraged. Young and inexperienced doctors were recommended to develop their memory and thinking. Some records of the development of medical deontology can be found in the manuscripts of Ancient Russ, where folk medicine was also actively developing. Since the end of the XIX century, doctors, lawyers and philosophers have been concerned by the moral and ethical problems associated with organ transplantation, the moral right to inflict physical harm on a healthy person to heal a sick person or alleviate his suffering. In the countries of Western Europe, the active development of medical ethics also took pace, but some views on the nature of the diseases, their causes and consequences were somewhat controversial. Humanistic and ethical views on medical activities were reflected in the writings of medical scientists in the XVIII-XIX centuries. Their works promoted the ideas of respect to their work, high professionalism and care for the sick. The representatives of the rural medicine made a great contribution into the formation of the medical deontology principles, they considered their ethical duty to help the poor and disadvantaged. The famous doctors-clinicians substantiated the principles of an individual approach to patients based on scientific, moral and psychological principles. These principles are the basis of our domestic medical education.
Authors and Affiliations
L. Dudikova, A. Didenko
Keywords
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