Trends of World Cereals and Pulses Following the Human Populations

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Trends of World Cereals and Pulses Following the Human Populations

Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 11, Issue 3

Abstract

Food is the first priority for the human beings. World food security is a serious and pressing contemporary issue [1]. Cereals (major rice, wheat, and maize, minor sorghum and millets) and pulses (major Chickpea, field pea, lupin, faba bean, lentils, etc) are basic elementary food sources. The plant protein is a key driver of agricultural market. Cereals and pulses are a sustainable and major source of protein, energy and fibre, which human beings particularly rely on. Pulses offer many benefits for nutrition, health and chronic disease prevention. As a result, there has been increased interest from food companies in using pulse for product formulations. Cereal grains have been the critical component of human diet for thousands of years and have played very important role in shaping human civilization. Cereals are important staples critical to daily survival of billions of people. Over 50% of world daily caloric intake is derived directly from cereal grain consumption by the entire human population [2]. It was estimated that there are 1.45 billion vegetarians of necessity and another 75 million of choice, thus approximately 21.8% of the world’s population rely on plant protein as their major protein source [3]. Pulses are a major source of plant protein for vegetarian people.Pulses have a major role in sustainable agricultural systems. They produce their own fertiliser by fixing nitrogen from the air. This not only has a direct benefit to the cropping system, but also has flow-on benefits through overall energy efficiency compared to other crops as seventy percent of non-renewable energy used in cropping systems is attributable to fertilisers. Plant derived protein is far more water efficient than animal protein: 43 gallons of water is required to produce one pound of pulses, 469 gallons for one pound of chicken, 756 gallons for one pound of pig and 1,857 gallons of water is required for one pound of beef [4]. The world grew significantly in terms of both population and economic development in the period 1961-2016. As a result of the industrial revolution, lifespan and survival rate improved, and the world’s population more than doubled from about 2.5 billion in 1961 to 6.1 billion in 2000, and then up to 7.2 billion in 2016, nearly triple in these 56 years [5] (Figure 1, FAOSTAT). Interestingly, during this period, the production of the grains, cereals was tripled from 877 million tonnes in 1961 to 2.8 billion tonnes in 2016 and pulses was also doubled from 40.8 million tonnes in 1961 to 81.8 million tonnes in 2016. FAO projections are that the human population will be up to 9.3 billion in 2050.

Authors and Affiliations

Shi Y Yang

Keywords

Shi Y Yang Food Sources Protein Fertiliser Non-Renewable Energy Human Population Agronomy Technology

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EP ID EP592374
DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002098
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