ABOUT THE BEGINNINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE JURY TRIAL (HISTORICAL ASPECT)
Journal Title: Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Юридичні науки - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue
Abstract
The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of the historical stages of formation and the model of the construction of the institute of the jury in Ukraine and the experience of foreign states. The authors characterize the content and essence of the concept under study and analyze the models of the jury trial institution. The peculiarities of the emergence and development of the jury trial institute at the stage of its origin are considered. Also, the preconditions for creation of the model of the institute of the jury are highlighted in Ukraine (the realization and traditions of the Ukrainian people and nowadays’ challenges) in Ukraine. At the normative level of legislation of different states, the definition of "jury" has both common features and a number of differences. Thanks to their efforts the system, which we used to call the mechanism of protection of human rights, has begun to emerge. For better understanding of the idea of the jury and its significance, let us note the key (for most states, which is inherent in this institution) principles that are: 1) jurors are usually citizens of the state; 2) act as peculiar elements of the judiciary and its carriers; 3) through them the desire of the people to involve it in the administration of justice is realized; 4) their powers are clearly distinguished in state legal acts (in certain cases, this institution is devoted to a number of norms, in particular, in Spain, the law on the trial of jurors (1995). A person (national) as a representative of the people acquires (in accordance with the specified procedure of selection) the status of a juror. Exceptionally, individuals who are endowed with jurors status form a jury. Accordingly, an understanding of the judge as a civil servant (belonging to the court as the institution of the state) must be perceived at the level with the understanding of the judge as a person (national) who has a spectrum of judicial powers (public representative) in the administration of justice in the state. The jury trial as an institution today already has clear forms of construction and operation in different countries. Nevertheless, both scholars and practitioners recognize that it needs further improvement that could adapt it to national traditions (in the case of countries where this institute is an innovation) and modern challenges. From the time of its formation to the present days it has been decided in the science to distinguish the key periods of development and certain models of construction. World history knows three basic periods that characterize the creation of this institute and the corresponding periods of the model: - the period of origin (occurrence in the Ancient times, is an ancient model of construction); - jury trials of the Middle Ages (transitional model); - period of establishment of the jury in the classical sense (classical model). At the international level, the main mechanism responsible for human rights is the human rights mechanism and all the organizational and legal forms of its functioning. Also, of course, valuable for civilization is the property of the establishment, functioning and development of the jury trial. It provides some harmony and unity between government and citizens. His history and progression are reflected in the various and specific characteristics of the related models of the jury trial. The basic models for building such a phenomenon as the jury are the "cornerstone" for reproducing classical ideas about this institution, taking into account the national peculiarities of each state. The formation of the Ukrainian jury trial still requires further normative improvement and adaptation in accordance with Ukrainian historical common traditions.
Authors and Affiliations
О. В. Узунова, К. В. Калюга
Keywords
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