Antiplasmodial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 6
Abstract
Background: Medicinal herbs have long been used in the treatment of malaria in the endemic tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria has remained as a top killer disease to children under five years and expectant mothers. Among the herbs commonly used in Uganda to treat malaria is Zanthoxylum chalybeum (ZC) root-bark and to a lesser extent its leaves. However, the continued use of the root-bark has led to plant extinction due to the destructive method of harvesting the herb as opposed to the leaves. Aim: The study investigated the antiplasmodial activity of the crude ether and methanol leaf extracts of ZC with chloroquine diphosphate as a positive control. Materials and Methods: The in vitro Micro-Test (MARK III) kit was used to determine the antiplasmodial activity of Z. chalybeum Engl. ether and methanol extracts. The effective concentration that caused a 50% P. falciparum schizonts suppression (EC50) values were determined. The antiplasmodial activities of the ether and methanol extracts were expressed as 50% effective concentration (EC50) that was determined from dose-response curve by non-linear regression analysis (curve-fit) using GraphPad Prism (version 6) software at 95% confidence intervals. Results: The results showed that ether extract of ZC had EC50 value of 13.39 (95% CI: 10.82 – 16.59) µg/ml and methanol extract had EC50 value of 8.10 (95% CI: 5.89 – 11.12) µg/ml. The chloroquine diphosphate, standard had EC50 value of 25.33 (95% CI: 17.07 – 37.60) µg/ml. Conclusion: The ether and methanol extracts of Z. chalybeum Engl. contains compounds that caused Plasmodium falciparum schizonts suppression at a lower concentration, hence the continued use of the herb by the traditional herbalist and local communities in Uganda, in the treatment of malaria.
Authors and Affiliations
Godfrey S. Bbosa, Norah Mwebaza, Aloysius Lubega, Nathan Musisi, David B. Kyegombe, Muhammad Ntale
Keywords
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- EP ID EP344857
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2014/6528
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