EPIC POETICS OF TURKISH PEOPLES
Journal Title: Актуальні питання гуманітарних наук: Міжвузівський збірник наукових праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету - Year 2018, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
A comparative typological study of the epic tales of the Turkic peoples shows that the compositional and artistic form itself is always nationally independent and is not influenced by the formal elements of the epic of another people. The similarity of the motifs of the epic legends – the dastans of the Turkic Crimean Tatar, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz peoples shows that the roots of borrowing lie in the depth of ages – they are closely connected with the historical and cultural development of peoples. Describing the poetics of dаstans, we note its qualities such as the wide range of coverage of phenomena as high, sacred and real, a close connection with ritualism, allegorical. One of the most ancient genres of the folklore of the Turkic peoples, in which the value picture of the people’s world is most clearly expressed is the epic tales – dastans. They reflect the world around us, phenomena of life, ethical and aesthetic views, history, traditions of the people, but this does not exhaust their role. Researchers, characterizing a number of features of the poetics of dastans, developed in the works of the people, note their importance in reflecting the national mentality. Ethical and aesthetic ideals, people’s notions, in particular, in the genre of the epic, are reflected in oral folk art. In epic legends (dastans) pictures of battles, victories and defeats of fighters for the freedom of their native land are imprinted. Chorabatyr, Copplandbatyr, Goat Korpesh, Idegey, and dreams of people’s happiness and social justice Tair and Zore, Kerem and Aslyahan, Dagir and Zukhra talk about various vicissitudes. This is the artistic embodiment of the desires and aspirations of the people who dreamed of a just society. Most of the epic tales of the Turkic peoples exist in prose, have a number of common features – the same theme and characters. Taking into account the principle of plot construction, choice of subjects, types of heroes, social-everyday functions, selection and combination of artistic means, works with a fantastic plot basis stand out. Epic tales (dastans) are usually perceived as both artistic and informative - for conveying certain information, explaining any facts from the past (social, religious, ethnographic, historical). A comparative typological study of the Crimean Tatar dastan “ChoraBatyr”, the Kyrgyz epic “Er Tabyldy”, the Uzbek “Alpamysh” and “Kuntugmush” showed that the epic tales have much in common in their plot-compositional organiza- tion. Each of the above poems consists of two parts. In the first part of the story is about the events that took place before the battle of the main character with the enemy. The second part tells about the capture of the national hero, about his sufferings in the zindan (dungeon) or in a foreign land and a long return to his homeland. If in the first part of the works the actions of the characters are somewhat different, then in the second it is not difficult to trace similar motives in the development of events, in the character and actions of the characters. In the depiction of the Crimean Tatar Chorabatyr, the Uzbek Alpamysh and the Kyrgyz - ErTabilda has much in common. All of them have wonderful properties: they do not burn in the fire, do not sink in the water, the sword does not cut them, the arrow does not reach, they do not die on the gallows either. In all the dastans, one can note the “international motive”, the so-called fairy story conflict, as the motive of slander, insults of the protagonist’s wife, the wiles of the wicked old sorcerer (“jada”, “kyurtka”, “obur”) referring to a foreign land or poisoning hero and his recovery. In each dastan, the national hero frees the daughter of the padishah or khan from prison, which then marries him and begins to fight against his father. Similar motifs are observed in many other episodes, for example, in the fact that the padishah was childless, but after blessing the sage (“Sayil”) and eating an apple with his wife, the wife gave birth. To many dastans, a very common motive was used as an introduction – a request for an heir. This motif is found in the Kazakh “Kozy Korpesh”, the Crimean Tatar “Kozukurpech”, “Tairve Zore”, “Keremve Aslykhan”, the Kumyk “Dagir and Zuhra”, etc. In their development, in the process of oral existence, the plots and images of epic tales were transformed according to the historical conditions and peculiarities of the oral-poetic tradition of the Turkic peoples. Variants of epic tales, having acquired specifically national features, obtained local local- ization, which is a characteristic feature of the folklore work.
Authors and Affiliations
Fera SEFEROVA
Keywords
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