ФЕХТУВАЛЬНИЙ ТРАКТАТ ФІОРЕ ДЕІ ЛІБЕРІ ДА ПРІМАРІАЧЧО «КВІТКА БИТВИ» ТА РИЦАРСЬКІ БОЙОВІ ПРАКТИКИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XIV – ПЕРШОЇ ТРЕТИНИ XV СТ.
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія: Історія - Year 2018, Vol 39, Issue 2
Abstract
The article is devoted to the oldest Italian illustrated fencing manual as of the beginning of the 15th century entitled “Fior di Battaglia” (“the Flower of Battle”). The author, a North-Italian nobleman Fiore dei Liberi da Premariacco, was born in the middle of the 14th century and studied martial arts from his early years throughout Western Europe. His manual consists of a series of dynamic drawings, presenting the highly sophisticated system of gestures or body movements necessary to use various kinds of melee weapons (swords, daggers, poll-axes, and spears) in mounted and unmounted close combat. Fiori operated within the frames of firmly established pan-European medieval martial arts tradition. His advice concerned both tournament duels (called “combatter in Sbarra”) and far less ritualized forms of armed combat: war, battle and duel. The main purpose of this article is to analyse Fiore’s manual as a historical source for studying chivalric melee weapons martial techniques, to define their characteristic features and to build understanding of their efficiency. “The Flower of Battle” clearly demonstrates that chivalry in the second half of the 14th century and the first decades of the 15th century continued ignoring missile weapons and distant techniques in favour of close combat tradition. The latter required from a noble combatant a fairly wide range of fighting skills, ranging from hand-to-hand and unarmed combat to complicated fencing evolutions on foot and on horseback, and finally, the special psychological training that Fiore called "militancy" (“valente”). In a battle, no matter how noble and honorable it might seem, no courtesy was expected from a knight. On the contrary, any martial technique which potentially might bring victory for a combatant, followed by honour, fame and benefit, was regarded appropriate and acceptable.
Authors and Affiliations
Volodymyr Hutsul
Keywords
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- EP ID EP579903
- DOI 10.24144/2523-4498.2(39).2018.165174
- Views 45
- Downloads 0
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