Formation and evolution of the borders of Greater Romania (1918-1940)
Journal Title: Codrul Cosminului - Year 2015, Vol 21, Issue 1
Abstract
The borders of the Greater Romania are the direct result of the First World War. Due to the war effort made on the side of the Entente, Romania has reunited the old Romanian historical provinces Bucovina and Transylvania (including Banat, Crișana, Maramureș and Satu Mare), and the counties of Durostor (Dorostolon) and Kaliakra of Southern Dobrogea. Following the outbreak of the Socialist Revolution of October 1917, and the unraveling of the Russian Empire, Romania managed to incorporate the Romanian historical province of Bessarabia, annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812. The properly evolution of the Romanian Kingdom’s borders in the years between 1918 and 1940 was influenced by the political, diplomatic and military international context. After recognizing the new borders of Romania at the Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920), the Kingdom of Romanian cultivated good political, diplomatic and military relations with Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union (the alliance with Poland) or by Hungary (The Little Entente, the alliance formed in 1923 together with Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia). The border with Bulgaria was defended diplomatic and, if necessary, military by the Romanian State, through the Balkan Entente, formed in 1934 with the participation of Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. In the interwar period, the borders of the Greater Romania were threatened by three revisionist attitudes: the Soviet revisionism (by far the most dangerous), the Hungarian revisionism and the Bulgarian revisionism. In 1940, with a highly favorable international context, generated by the policy of appeasement followed by Britain and France towards Germany, Italy and the USSR, in conjunction with the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 23 August 1939, the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria have changed the borders of the Greater Romania. In addition, Romania has ceded Bessarabia and the Northern Bukovina to the USSR, the Northwestern Transylvania to Hungary, and the counties of Durostor (Dorostolon) and Kaliakra to Bulgaria.
Authors and Affiliations
Cezar Ciorteanu
Keywords
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