Geo-modeling of zonal risk of pollution of surface waters in the transboundary Dnieper river basin with biogenic substances
Journal Title: Біоресурси і природокористування [Biological Resources and Nature Management] - Year 2017, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
In recent decades, against the background of natural soil fertility decline, there has been a significant increase in world cereal production due to the intensification or ‘chemization’ of agriculture. This led to a significant increase in soil erosion and migration of highly toxic substances and deterioration of the ecological state of a large part of catchment areas and erosion- channel systems far beyond the original centers of pollution. Industrial and domestic waste is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in natural waters, but the main part of the total amount of biogenic substances comes from agricultural sources, contributing to water bodies eutrophication and water quality reduction. For the first time, using GIS technologies and remote sensing of Earth, we calculated the sediment flow rate and spatial distribution of diffuse pollution with suspended solids; performed geo-modeling, and determined the danger of contaminating surface waters of the Dnieper River basin with biogenic substances. The study reveals that surface waters formed in the water catchment areas of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the transboundary basin are distinguished by the highest values of conditional concentration of total phosphorus from 5 to 20 mg/dm3 and more. This spatial trend in these zones is to a greater extent caused by a high tillage percentage and low values of average annual water discharge. In the lower reaches of the Dnieper, for 27 sub-basins with a total area of 13,300 km2 (2.6%), water bodies are at the greatest risk of high dissolved phosphorus concentrations (more than 0.20 mg/dm3), and are potentially attributed to classes IV-V; they have a high degree of risk of eutrophication, overgrowth and silting of flooded water bodies and river beds. The results obtained make it possible to identify and develop priority needs in the implementation of an adaptive-landscape anti-erosion design with the elements of soil-protective agriculture in order to reach maximum reduction of agricultural load within specific sub-basins, and create conditions for sustainable use and rehabilitation of land and water resources of the transboundary Dnieper River basin.
Authors and Affiliations
V. I. Pichura
Keywords
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