Incidence Proportion of Hepatitis C Virus infection among Leukemia patients at a Tertiary Cancer Centre.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a transfusion transmitted disease.The leukaemia patients are multitransfused and are at risk of acquiring HCV. There is scarcity of data regarding epidemiology of HCV in leukaemia patients in India. Methods: The donor blood was tested with Anti-HCV till 2012 and with Ag-AB Monolisa Ultra V2from 2012 onwards.The patients blood was tested with Anti HCV. The patient samples that were reactive with Anti-HCV and confirmed with RT-PCR during the period 2009-2015 are included in this study. The incidence with respect to number of transfusions, demographic profile, time gap between detection of leukaemia and HCV seroconversion, genotype, viral load, Liver function tests and coinfection was analysed. Results: During the period 2009-2015, a total of 1788 leukemia patients enrolled for treatment at Cancer Institute were included in the study. Among them, a total of 79 cases were detected anti-HCV and HCV –RNA positive. ALL accounted for 94%, AML accounted for 5%, CLL accounted for 1%. Mean age of presentation was 13.60 +/-11.09 years.64.1 %.were males and 36%were females. Most patients (65 %) belonged to low income group. The average number of total transfusions received by these patients before seroconversion was 7.35+/-3.77 units and mean time gap between diagnosis of leukaemia to HCV seroconversion was found to be 13.42+/_18.50 months All the cases were HCV genotype 1.The mean HCV viral load detected in these patients was 76699.55+/-80099.65 IU/ml. 5% of the HCV infected individuals tested positive for HBV.45.56 % of these patients reported abnormal liver function parameters (serum AST,ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels). Of these patients with abnormal liver function tests 27.78% had reversal of AST/ALT ratio( AST/ALT >1). The incidence proportion of HCV dropped from 62.5 cases per 1000 population (2009) to 7.17 cases per 1000 population in 2015. Conclusions: To encourage repeat voluntary blood donation .To adopt sensitive serology screening assays as Chemiluminescence along with molecular techniques (NAT) for testing donor blood. To mandate pathogen inactivation techniques.To conduct systematic studies for epidemiology of HCV in order to enable participation in complete eradication.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Swapna Yalamanchili
Keywords
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