INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS AND INCOME FROM FORREIGN TOURISM: WORLD DYNAMICS AND ANALYSIS BY COUNTRIES
Journal Title: Вісник Одеського національного університету. Географічні та геологічні науки - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
Problem Statement and Purpose. The relevance of the study of international tourist flows in the period 1995-2014 is connected with the fact that during these years there have been many global events, which could affect them. So wondering how international tourism reacted to them. Proceeding from this, the purpose of this work is to highlight the global dynamics of international tourist arrivals and receipts, in particular the establishment of a general trend, identifying deviations and explaining them. It is also important to assess these indicators by countries. Data & Methods. The study is based on the methodology of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the World Bank’s statistical base. In particular, the dynamics of international (inbound) tourism is estimated in natural (arrivals) and value (receipts) indicators proposed by the UNWTO. For consideration of these indicators by countries, a method of mathematical statistics, such as cluster analysis of k-averages, was used. Results. During 1995-2014 the number of international tourist arrivals in the world has more than doubled and reached 1.17 billion in 2014. Receipts from inbound tourism in prices as 1995 for the same period increased by 90% to 918.4 billion US$. At the same time, the positive dynamics of both natural and value indicators has affected by such negative factors, as the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States and the global financial crisis in 2009. In general, international tourism shows a steady growth trend, which can only be broken by serious «cataclysms» in the financial and security sectors, and then for a short time. So, international tourism has the property of rapid recovery. Also, the international tourist arrivals and receipts by countries were considered in this article. In particular, a cluster analysis was conducted for 115 countries of the world for 2008 – the last year before the financial crisis. Thus, France, Spain and the United States are the top-destinations with a noticeable gap from the rest, which together in 2008 accounted for about 20% of international tourist arrivals and 28% of receipts. France has for many years remained the leader in terms of the number of arrivals – almost 80 million, and the United States is characterized by huge receipts – more than 170 billion US$. In general, more than half of the international tourist flows take place in the European tourist region, and the most visited here are Mediterranean destinations.
Authors and Affiliations
O. Korol
Keywords
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