Jewish population of Podillya in the first fourth of the ХХ century
Journal Title: Eminak - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Social, economic, cultural, religious and political situation of Jewish community from Podillya are researched in the article. The development of Bolsheviks’ region is analyzed and the social and economic preconditions of Jews agrarization company beginning are also determined. Jewish city as commercial, social and economic phenomenon was formed in Ukraine in the beginning of the XX century. The majority of Jews lived in small towns and villages of the right-bank Ukraine. In fact, according to population composition, Berdychiv, Bar, Korostyshiv, Proskyriv, Volynsk, Malyn and the others were Jewish towns. Jews were engaged in trade and crafts in the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries. Some Jews were renters or managers of landlord’s demesnes and some citizens were engaged in agricultural production. Social and economic experiments connected with trade nationalization and different socializations implemented during the first years of soviet authority leaded to Jews middle class pauperization. The communist parties mode harmed main livelihoods sources of small craftsmen, artisans and traders and did not spare Jewish bourgeoisie of towns. It leaded to total pauperization of Jewish population in towns and villages. The authority did not pay attention to Jewish craftsmen and artisans in the beginning of the 1920-ies. The managers of Ukrainian Jewish section determined them as the main source of anti-Soviet and antiproletarian activities struggle against Jewish bourgeoisie. Town administrative institutions ignored their problems. It caused discontentment of governing party policy and zionist ideology propagation. The situation that occurred in towns of right-bank Ukraine in the middle of the 1920-ies had explosive nature for Bolshevik regime. Calls for fight with Bolsheviks gained widespread in towns which were overpopulated with impoverished Jews. This nation was looking for the situation solution, trying to emigrate abroad or to big cities with the aim of getting job in industrial enterprises. Negative information also spread abroad. The actions of governing party were considered as the displays of opened state anti-Semitism by Jewish community representatives. All these events leaded to Zionist views and political beliefs increase among Ukrainian Jews, especially youth.
Authors and Affiliations
Viktor Dotsenko
Keywords
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