Laboratory diagnostics of the rabies – the reality and perspectives (review)
Journal Title: Бюлетень "Ветеринарна біотехнологія" - Year 2018, Vol 32, Issue
Abstract
Introduction. Rabies is among the top five most dangerous zooanthroponoses. Annually more than 55 thousand people and more than 1 million animals die out of rabies in the world, in Ukraine – 100-120 thousand people requested for medical assistance due to animal attacks, and above 20000 receive antirabies vaccination. The goal of the work. For the purpose of analysis of modern methods used for laboratory diagnostics of rabies, a review of scientific articles, dissertations dissertations, monographs, electronic resources of the Internet had been done. Materials and methods. Meta-analysis was performed on the basis of published data on rabies research, dissertation abstracts, scientific articles, monographs and electronic resources. Results of research and discussion. Nowadays the final diagnosis on rabies is carried out on the basis of laboratory tests. According to the National Standard, veterinary laboratories in Ukraine should use such methods, as: immunofluorescent test, biological test with white mice and isolation of rabies virus on continuous cell culture. The disadvantage of the histological method is that unavailability of Negri bodies does not exclude the diagnosis of rabies. The direct immunofluorescence test (IFT) is used for lifetime detection of rabies virus antigen. Nevetheless, it’s possibile to examine fresh or frozen biomaterial only. Immune diffusion test in gel can be used to detect a viral antigen in a contaminated pathological material. But its negative result does not deny a positive diagnosis of rabies. The biological test is most sensitive and reliable methods of laboratory diagnosis of rabies. Its disadvantage is the duration of the test (a positive result is obtained after 7-15 days), the potential danger, requirement of a vivarium. The most effective method for diagnosis of rabies is the detection of RNA viruses by polymerase chain reaction. It can be used for retrospective diagnosis too. Conclusions and prospects for further research. In the article the modern references concerning laboratory diagnostics of rabies were analyzed. The classical and modern methods of laboratory diagnostics of rabies, the possibility of their use at a certain stage of diagnostics of sick animals and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Particular attention is paid to such promising rapid methods of identification of the virus as enzyme immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, which allows timely diagnosis of rabies in animals and, as a consequence, reduce the risk of infection of animals and humans.
Authors and Affiliations
Nina Oliinik, Olena Pokrysko
Keywords
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- EP ID EP406116
- DOI 10.31073/vet_biotech32(2)-49
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