Maximum Force of Limbs and the Ability of Kinesthetic Differentiation in Rowing Movement of Swimmers
Journal Title: Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences - Year 2003, Vol 13, Issue 25
Abstract
The ability of kinesthetic differentiation is a very important feature of athletes in those sports where not the maximum muscle strength is exerted, but a specified part of it. Swimming, among others, is such a sport. In a swimming propulsion movement only some part of the maximum force exerts effect on the water environment. Therefore, in swimming not only the term 'feel of water' but also 'feel of force' is used.The aim of the study is to determine maximum forces acting with selected surfaces of rowing limbs on the water environment in the movement imitating rowing movement in swimming, in laboratory conditions and to specify the abilities to act with a prescribed part of maximum force.The subjects were 40 swimmers (25 boys and 15 girls). The force of impact of limbs on the measuring device (strain gauge transducer) was measured. First, maximum force was recorded, and then 75% and 50% of the force as perceived by the swimmer, and the force with which, according to the swimmer, he or she acts during the actual swimming movement.It was noted that differences between the maximum force of left and right limbs are surprisingly low. When assessing the precision of acting with prescribed force it was found that it is greater when a swimmer is ordered to use 75% of maximum force than in case of 50%. In the movement when a swimmer was asked to act with the same force as in actual swimming, a very large divergence of results was noted. The statistical analysis indicates greater concentration of results around arithmetic mean for boys than for girls in the study of upper limbs, and similar concentration for both sexes in the study of lower limbs. For girls significant lowering of the force of the left upper limb was noted in the push phase of the crawling movement, which is a serious error in the movement technique.
Authors and Affiliations
Elżbieta Rostkowska, Lechosław Dworak, Krzysztof Kmiecik, Jolanta Kokoszko
Keywords
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