Moderators and Mediators in Firm Innovativeness
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Management - Year 2011, Vol 10, Issue 4
Abstract
Innovativeness is widely recognized and discussed in management. Scholars focus their attention especially to the relationship between firm innovativeness and its determinants under different levels of given variables (moderators and mediators). This article presents a general analytical framework for combining moderation and mediation (mediated moderation and moderated mediation). Two different approaches were developed: the piecemeal approach, in which moderation and mediation are analyzed separately and their results are interpreted jointly and the subgroup approach, in which the sample is split into subgroups based on the moderator variable, and mediation is analyzed within each subgroup. The general outline of both methods and their most important limitations were introduced. With the piecemeal approach, moderation is usually tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) or regression analysis, in which the dependent variable Y (the level of innovativeness) is regressed on the independent variable X (given determinant of the product innovativeness), the moderator variable Z (environmental turbulence, managerial ties), and their product XZ. Mediation is tested separately using causal steps procedure. Subgroup approach is used to combine moderation and mediation by splitting the sample into subgroups (each of them represents different values of the moderator variable Z) and analyzing mediation within each subgroup. If evidence for mediation differs between the subgroups, it is concluded that mediation is moderated by the subgrouping variable. This paper presents also the most important empirical studies connected with those approaches, created during the last few years.
Authors and Affiliations
Magdalena Pichlak
Keywords
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