Risk factors associated with surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries
Journal Title: Medpulse International Journal of Surgery - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased morbidity, mortality and sanitary costs, and reduced patients’ quality of life. Many hospitals have adopted guidelines of scientifically validated processes for prevention of surgical site and central-line catheter infections and sepsis. Most of these guidelines have resulted in an improvement in postoperative results. Thus the present study aimed to determine the incidence of SSI in the abdominal surgeries and to identify risk factors associated with the development of SSI. This retrospective observational study included patients who had undergone surgeries (abdominal) in the Department of General Surgery and Department of Obstetrics and Gynacology. It was conducted over a period of 2 years. Materials and Methods: All surgeries (1200 cases) where abdominal wall was opened were considered for the study. Wound class was considered as clean, clean contaminated, contaminated and dirty based on the extent of intraoperative contamination. The data collected includes details of timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis, surgical wound infection, types of surgeries (emergency and elective surgeries), the wound classes, apart from demographic profile of the patient. Results: The overall surgical wound infection rate was 15.75%. The surgical site infection rate increased as the risk index score increased from 0 to 3. SSI was more with early operative and post operative prophylaxis. There was definite correlation between the wound infection rate and the timing of prophylaxis. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was applied and the level of significance was <0.05. Conclusion: A pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operating time, the wound class, emergency surgeries and wound contamination strongly predispose to wound infection. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective in reducing the incidence of post-operative wound infections for a number of different operative procedures but, timing of administration is critical.
Authors and Affiliations
Dasharadha Jatothu, Nagababu Pyadala
Keywords
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