ROLE OF BETA LACTAMASES IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: A REVIEW
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Pharmacy (IRJP) - Year 2014, Vol 5, Issue 2
Abstract
Penicillin, the first β-lactam antibiotic was introduced into clinical practice in 1940s. Since then a large number of different β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactam and carbapenems have been developed. All of them are structurally related through the presence of a core β-lactam ring. β-lactam antibiotics interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell wall, they also inhibit the transpeptidases so that cross linking does not take place. The wide use of β-lactam antibiotics has created major resistance problems leading to increased morbidity, mortality and heath care costs. Resistance is most often mediated by lactamases which is produced from both gram negative and positive bacteria. β-lactamases are enzymes responsible for many failures of antimicrobial therapy because of the hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics to inert and ineffective agents. β-lactamases are one of the reason behind the bacterial resistance to β- lactam antibiotics. In recent years new varieties of beta lactamases has been detected in increasing rate. Combination of β-lactam antibiotics with β-lactamases inhibitors has been successfully used to control resistance during last two decades. These inhibitors greatly enhance the efficacy of their partner β-lactam antibiotics (amoxillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) in the treatment of serious Entero bacteriaceae and penicillin resistant Staphylococcal infections. The prevalence of clinically relevant β-lactamases from other classes that are resistant to inhibition is rapidly increasing. Lack of effectiveness of currently available β-lactamase inhibitors is a main problem with the combination therapy. This review describes the various β-lactum antibiotics and effect of different β –lactamases that produced by the several bacteria’s against the β-lactam antibiotics, their resistance pattern and its effective management with combination therapy.
Authors and Affiliations
R. Lakshmi, K. S Nusrin, Georgy Ann
Keywords
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- EP ID EP126180
- DOI 10.7897/2230-8407.050207
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