SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS OF LEXICAL BORROWING FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN IN THE PERIOD BEFORE THE 20TH CENTURY
Journal Title: Мова - Year 2017, Vol 0, Issue 27
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to detect the socio-cultural foundations of the borrowing process of lexical units from English into Russian in the 16th–19th cc. The object of the study is lexical anglicisms, borrowed by the Russian language up to the 20th century. The subject of the study is the reasons for these borrowings and their development in the Russian language. The material for the study was about 300 lexemes, extracted from dictionaries. In the study of the material, sociolinguistic, descriptive, quantitative methods, as well as methods of semantic and pragmatic analysis were used. Groups of Anglicisms that appeared in the Russian language before the 20th century, were identifi ed as a result of the work. The reasons of the borrowing of many of them in diff erent epochs of Russian-English language contacts were proposed. The authors came to the following conclusions. Lexical borrowings from English into Russian up to the 18th century were episodic. These words had not equivalents in the Russian vocabulary, and their denoters had not equivalents in the Russian society of that time. These words referred to the specifi c social, cultural, political, historical realities of England. In the 18th century contours of the system of lexical Anglicisms were outlined in the Russian vocabulary. In addition to Anglicisms of England studies, there were borrowings that referred to some concepts of shipbuilding, navigational, metrological, military discourses, less often — socio-political and innovation-technological discourses. These concepts were new in the Russia of that epoch. In these areas, the UK had a number of characteristics. This was the reason for such borrowing in Russian. In the 19th century, a complete system of lexical Anglicisms was formed in the Russian language. On its basis, the system of social and cultural achievements of Great Britain and other English-speaking countries can be determined. In these achievements, Russian society felt the need for its development. Successes in shipbuilding, navigation, port facilities, science, industry, in economic and fi nancial activities, in trade and business were particularly valuable. The experience of solving social and humanitarian problems, the political practice of the United Kingdom and the United States were also important. In the Russian society, sport and other forms of recreate activity of Englishmen were successfully introduced, Russians took a great interest in studying the ethnocultures, fl ora and fauna of the lands colonized by Great Britain.
Authors and Affiliations
Ievgenii N. Stepanov, Jing Liu
Keywords
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