SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE UKRAINE’S METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY IN THE DAILY LIFE OF WORKERS-METALLURGISTS IN THE EARLY ХХ CENTURY
Journal Title: Вчені записки Таврійський національний університет імені В.І. Вернадського. Серія: Історичні науки - Year 2018, Vol 29, Issue 2
Abstract
The article analyses the social contradictions in the Ukraine’s metallurgical industry in the daily life of workers-metallurgists in the early XX century. The causes and the course of the workers’ movement were considered. The economic crisis in the early ХХ century influenced on the decline of the productivity Ukrainian’s metallurgical industry. It resulted in the height of unemployment and decline of level material’s providing of workers. The economic problems were the principal reasons of social contradictions in the Ukraine’s metallurgical industry in the early XX century. The heavy terms of labor and subzero salary of metallurgists pushed them on a fight for own rights. In future along with the economic slogans, workers-metallurgists started to pull out the political slogans sent to the fight against autocracy. Active work of agitators became the catalyst of political fight. The social contradictions influenced on everyday life of the Ukrainian’s metallurgists. During strikes compromises were attained: reduction of working day and increase of remuneration of labor. For the protection of working rights and interests trade unions were created. In 1906 they arose up on all large metallurgical enterprises. The first from them appeared at the Briansk plant in Katerinoslavsk province. After this trade unions appeared almost on all large Ukraine’s metallurgical enterprises. Trade unions used money for a material help to the members, patients or unemployed. Professional associations paid attention and to cultural and educational activities. The trade union of metal-workers Briansk plant opened own library. The trade unions positively influenced on the association of forces Ukrainian’s metallurgists for a further fight for their own rights. The basic methods of decision of conflicts between workers and guidance of metallurgical plants were found out. Among them: acceptance of requirements protesting or ended mass meeting and arrests of metallurgists. Social contradictions affected on the features of everyday life of the Ukrainian metallurgists. Some workers were discharged, arrested or like in the years of First World War sent on front.
Authors and Affiliations
А. В. Демченко
Keywords
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