SURİYELİ SIĞINMACILAR İÇİN UYGUN EV SAHİBİ ÜLKELERİN ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Journal Title: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 2
Abstract
2011 yılında Suriye’de cereyan eden iç savaş sonrasında Suriyeliler, büyük kitleler halinde diğer ülkelere göç etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Mültecilik veya sığınmacılık durumunda insanların geri gönderilmemesini ve can güvenliğinin sağlanmasını temin eden önemli çatı ilkelerden birisi de Geri Göndermeme İlkesidir. Fakat uluslararası sözleşmelerde ve protokollerde yer alan bu ilke karşılığını gerçek hayatta bulamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Suriyeliler için uygun ülkelerin belirlenmesi problemine temel insan hakları çerçevesinde yaklaşılmıştır. Çalışmada; 46 ülke ile sınırlanan alternatif ülkeler kümesi; 7 kritere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi ile Entropi Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz aşamasında kullanılan TOPSIS Yöntemi alternatif değerlerinin ideal çözüm noktalarından uzaklığına göre çözümlemeler yaparken, Gri İlişkisel Analiz ise gri belirsizlik katsayılarını kullanarak çözümlemeler yapmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ağırlıklara ve yöntemlere bağlı olarak 4 farklı alternatif ülkeler kümesi belirlenmiştir. Bu kümeler arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar, sebepleriyle yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. EXTENDED SUMMARY Background: Since 2011, an intense wave of migration from the Arab Spring countries to other countries (mainly to Europe and Turkey) has been observed due to the internal turmoil’s (the Arab Spring) in the Middle East. Though this wave of migration consists of people from every Middle Eastern country that are exposed to internal turmoil’s, the greatest share falls to the Syrian people. Numbers expressed in hundreds of thousands of years in the first years of the civil war have reached millions today. The number of people emigrated from Syria constitutes almost half of the Syrian population. Although it is Turkey that has the highest number of Syrian refugees, there are Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan. Since the cost of keeping, maintaining, integrating and educating people is very high the hitches experienced by each country hosting the Syrians is now being discussed internationally as a serious problem. In this regard, the status of the Syrians and the host countries has already become to an international case, not a regional one. Purpose: This work is based on the Basic Human Rights and Non-Return Policy. The protection and asylum claims of those who are fearful of death and haven’t committed an offense cannot be denied in accordance with the Non-Return Policy. Rejected requests are a violation of this principle. In this regard, it is aimed to propose a qualitative solution to the problems of determining the suitable host countries for all refugees and how many refugees should be sent to these designated countries through the Syria sample. The questions to be answered in the study are as follows; • What is the most important criterion for a refugee: economy, health, education, distance, language and religion? • When a model that provides an optimum is established via a quantitative decision-making method, which of the designated countries is located in the most appropriate set of countries for Syrian refugees? • How well are the results obtained using quantitative methods compatible with the real case? • How well are the results obtained from the quantitative methods used compatible with each other? Method: The study has a quantitative feature as 46 countries were ranked based on 7 criteria from the highest score to the lowest and numerical methods have been used to achieve this. Two different decision making methods and two different weighting methods have been used to solve the problem. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which utilizes binary comparisons of the experts in order to determine weights, and the Entropy method which is an objective weighting method and which also presents the differences in variables mainly in terms of importance. When determining the weights, for AHP, binary comparisons with experts, and for entropy, country-specific values of the criteria are used. In the process of finding suitable host countries, the TOPSIS method based on the principle that the solution is the best/worst optimum distance is used and the Gray Relational Analysis, which has the capability to provide efficient results in cases of incomplete information or uncertainty, is used. In both methods objective data have been used. In the process of collecting these data, databases of Undata, Worldbank, Trdistance, Wikimedia and Ethnologue sites have been used. Findings: The analysis of the study was conducted at two stages. In the first stage, AHP and Entropy methods were used for criterial weights and TOPSIS and Gray Relational Analysis methods were applied to determine the appropriate countries. Based on the results of the TOPSIS and Gray Relational Analysis methods, it is observed that the three most suitable countries of the TOPSIS method are Norway, Luxemburg and Switzerland, while Norway, Luxembourg and Switzerland are the three most suitable countries of the Gray Relational Analysis. Based on entropic weights, the three most favorable countries according to the TOPSIS method were Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq, while the three most suitable countries according to Gray Relational Analysis were Qatar, Kuwait and Norway. The result of multi-criteria decision-making methods used in this stage have parallels with each other. In the direction of the obtained results, it is thought that multi-criteria decision making methods are an alternative method that can be preferred in refugee and immigration problems. Conclusions: It is observed that the actual situation is very different from the results achieved in this study, in which the problem of Syrian refugees is treated as totally distant from the interpretation. While the numbers of Syrian refugees showed an agglomeration in countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, countries with a strong profile both in terms of the welfare of the country and in terms of cultural partnership still abstain from this issue.
Authors and Affiliations
Kenan Oğuzhan ORUÇ, Merve KILINÇ
Keywords
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- EP ID EP441692
- DOI 10.30798/makuiibf.410155
- Views 148
- Downloads 0
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