«... TO DIE FOR THE HOMELAND IS NOT DIFFICULT, BUT TO LIVE IN IT IS AN ART ...» – PICTURE OF THE LANDOWNER OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Journal Title: Наукові праці. Серія "Історія" - Year 2017, Vol 292, Issue 280
Abstract
Gentry was a group that had come from a noble state in feudalism and maintained a high status in the period of systemic change leading to the capitalist system. The landowners were the social layer for which the land and the manor made a material, family and custom base. It also did not change when there were strong national aspirations in the Kingdom of Poland, manifested in two uprisings of insurrection, and the accompanying war damage and repression – property seizures, arrests and deportations, various forms of harassment and bans. The dramatic consequences of national uprisings included not only the political, social, cultural, legal and administrative spheres but also the economic sphere – including the difficult economic situation of the landowners. 1825, a nationwide Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie was established to support long-term land ownership. In 1858 on the wave of liberal reforms of Alexander II, the Towarzystwo Rolnicze was founded, and the first president was Andrzej Count Zamoyski. The Towarzystwo has been striving for agricultural progress and for extending the vastness of its cultural work in the country – it has developed excellent staff of specialists. The Towarzystwo Rolnicze raised the mental and moral level of the society of the Kingdom of Poland and contributed significantly to greater autonomy. The disbandment of Towarzystwo Rolnicze as a result of Margrave Aleksandra Wielopolskiego hampered for some time progress of the Society. The outbreak and the defeat of the January Uprising have left a mark on the nation, which once again fought off the national catastrophe. The dilemma of «fighting for or not fighting» for the independence of the Polish state has divided the nation into its supporters and opponents of national uprisings. In spite of the failure, the leading groups of the emerging modern nation were quite quick to shake off the mood and wounds of the losers. Among the further activities was a place for the idea of the work of the spirit of the uprising, which ultimately served the nation in his later history
Authors and Affiliations
K. Studnicka-Marianczyk
Keywords
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