ВЕРЕЦЬКИЙ ПЕРЕВАЛ ЯК ТОРГОВИЙ ШЛЯХ
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія: Історія - Year 2018, Vol 39, Issue 2
Abstract
This article considers the problem of the Veretski mountain pass as a trade route in the Middle Ages. This mountain pass served as a military road for the nomads. Among the geographical locality, where the nomads could be, Chop-Barvinok-Nevitske- Nyzhni Vorota are distinguished. The researcher Roman Kish points to the penetration of the cariotypes of the Balkan cytotype from the Balkans and the Dakian way of migration of Allium scorodoprasum in the region of the East Carpathians and Central Europe. More than a thousand years ago, in the old times in "Zakarpattya" (Transcarpathia) the climate was unbearable for the permanent habitation of the nomads: Bulgarians(Bolgarians), Hungarians and others. Regarding the name of the sun for the Bulgars and Hungarians, the researcher O. Suleymanov believes that the symbols of the sun were chosen by the tribal emblems-protectors of the sun-worshipers. The names of the state signs were distributed to all people. This is one of the schemes of the formation of ethnonyms, very productive in the era of first-hieroglyphic writing. The emblem and its name were copied in a variety of linguistic environments. The model of the "sunny eagle" ethnonym is typical of Bulgars and Hungarians. As for Veretsky itself, in ancient times, Olsha Veretsk (now Nyzhni Vorota, Volovets district, Transcarpathian oblast), they were as a pass, and then as a land, estate, village mentioned in the chronicle of Rogeria as a Russki pass in royal and state certificates of 1263, 1309 р., 1430, 1465. The researcher T. Legotsky reports that Veretsky was known from the XII century as an estate of the noble family Bez, and in the XIII century it was taken from Shimon, the Bankban,’s son-in-law in favour of Queen Gertrude. Then the estate belonged (1263) to Magister Aladar, the royal ambassador to Greece, where he represented the interests of the Hungarian kingdom, and later served as the court judge of the first wife of Hungarian King Charles I (Robert) Anjou (1308 - 1342). In 1309 the estate of Smitmiklos (Chinadievo), Svalyava (Zolna) and Veretsk (Veraske) became the property of Jacob, Aladar’s son. In the end of the ІХ century, or might be later, the first trading post, and then a wooden-earthen fortification ("the mythical castle of Ung"),was formed in this region. This region was rich on salt and its mining was a state monopoly in the Hungarian kingdom. It is possible to assume, that the Veretski mountain pass could serve both as a military and a trade way through which salt was exported to other European kingdoms. But as a trade mountain pass, it begins to function in the times of the d’Anjou dynasty. This issue requires a further study.
Authors and Affiliations
Ivan Miskov
Keywords
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- EP ID EP579904
- DOI 10.24144/2523-4498.2(39).2018.165201
- Views 53
- Downloads 0
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