Water as a potential source of human and animal infection with protozoa of the genera [i]Cryptosporidium [/i]and[i] Giardia[/i]
Journal Title: Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu - Year 2011, Vol 17, Issue 1
Abstract
Protozoa of the genera [i]Cryptosporidium and Giardia[/i] are human and animal intestinal parasites. These cosmopolitan parasites, which occur worldwide, play an important role in the spread of waterborne diseases. They penetrate into water as a result of its contamination with human and animal faeces, wastewater and sewage sludge. Monitoring of the sources of water pollution allows the prevention of waterborne epidemics due to drinking water and water reservoirs used for recreational purposes. In Poland, studies on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in the environment have been conducted for twenty years. High contamination with Cryptosporydium is observed in surface water (83%), whereas the lowest percentage of positive samples is noted in pre-treated (13%) and tap water (22%). With respect to Giardia, the contamination of surface water is 57%, and is considerably lower than that with Cryptosporidium. Considering treated and tap water, the contamination with this parasite is the same as in the case of Cryptosporidium. Infections with parasitic protozoa are frequently a problem which is underestimated by physicians. An insufficient amount of information available, difficulties in the interpretation of the results of research, and the lack of sufficient diagnostic standards result in a decreased interest in this group of pathogens, which play an important role in the spread of waterborne diseases.
Authors and Affiliations
Hubert Bojar, Teresa Kłapeć
Keywords
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