A study on Nanotechnology and its’ application in various fields
Journal Title: Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 6
Abstract
Nanotechnology means controlling or handling the matter of an atom, molecule or supra molecule. It can also be referred as molecular nanotechnology, where the atoms and molecules were precisely manipulated or controlled for fabrication of macroscale products. Over the last few years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been the focus of significant research attention, both from academic and industry. The associated research and applications of nanotechnology are ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials on nanoscale to controle the atomic matter. The term ‘nanotechnology’ was first used by ‘Norio Taniguchi’ in 1974, without widely knowing and ‘K.E. Drexler’ used this word in his writings. In the 1980’s, two major breakthroughs sparked the growth of nanotechnology, first, the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and the second one the discovery of the carbon atom structures known as ‘fullerenes’. Both these events won the Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry respectively. In the early 2000s this field gathered scientific, political, and commercial attention that lead to both controversy and progress. Nanomaterials are products of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development activity worldwide in the past few years. The role of nanomaterials will become significant in scientific and commercial aspects in the coming future. Nanotechnology has a vast range of applications such as nanoelectronics, nanohealth & medicine, nano environment and biomaterials energy production. One of the major applications of nanotechnology in the area of nanoelectronics with MOSFET’S being made of small nanowires, which are 10nm in length. The first generation nanomaterials include titanium dioxide in sunscreen, cosmetics, surface coatings and some food products. Nanotechnology have the ability to make existing medical applications cheaper and easier to the mankind. Nanotechnology has also a prominent role in the fast developing field of tissue engineering. Videogame consoles and personal computers may become cheaper, faster and contain more memory due to this technique. The use of microorganisms to synthesize functional nanoparticles is a recent invention. These microbial processes which are gentle and eco-friendly have opened up new opportunities to explore novel applications. The author is very much interested to collect more data and to publish more.
Authors and Affiliations
M. Hanumantha Raju, Y. Hanumantha Rao
Keywords
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