ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN THE CARDIAC TISSUE OF RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS IMMUNIZED AGAINST YERSINIA RUCKERI
Journal Title: Słupskie Prace Biologiczne - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 14
Abstract
The enteric redmouth (ERM) disease, or Yersiniosis, caused by an ubiquitous pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Ormsby et al. 2016). ERM has been controlled successfully using immersion-applied bacterin vaccines for several decades (Welch and LaPatra 2016). Response of oxidative stress biomarkers in different tissues of fish is dependent of immune system activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to respiratory burst in response to microbe recognition induced by vaccination. Considering the extensive use of vaccination against Y. ruckeri, it would be valuable to assess the oxidative stress biomarkers in different tissues of immunized fish. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of immunization against Y. ruckeri. The lipid peroxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and protein oxidation biomarkers [aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins (OMP)] as well as antioxidant defenses [superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] in trout immunized against Y. ruckeri after two months of the finish of oral vaccination were assessed. Clinically healthy rainbow trout with a mean body mass of 107.9 ±3.1 g were used in the experiments. The experiments were performed in water at 14.5 ± 0.5°C and pH 7.2-7.4. The fish were divided into two groups: untreated control and immunized against ERM. The vaccine against ERM (Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland) contained three inactivated Y. ruckeri strains originating from rainbow trout cultured at different farms, in which fish were exhibiting clinical signs of ERM. The bacteria isolates belonged to O1 serotype and showed some differences in their biochemical properties. Concentrated vaccine was enclosed by fish feed, and was administered three times every other day. Fifteen rainbow trout from each group were euthanized 60 d after the finish of vaccination, and then cardiac tissue samples were collected. The findings described in the present study allow the conclusion that immunization by anti-Yersinia vaccine decrease the oxidative stress biomarkers in the cardiac tissue compared to a unhandled control at second months after immunization. We also have shown that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) makes it possible to avoid the cellular lesions that cause anti-Yersinia vaccine. Correlative analysis between oxidative stress biomarkers and GPx activity in vaccinated fish confirm our conclusions. From a broader perspective, it is suggested that immunization of fish by anti-Yersinia vaccine is associated with induced antioxidant defenses against free radical formation and oxidative stress caused by vaccination. We suggest, that adaptation of antioxidant defenses induced by immunization would partially responsible for decrease of oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS and aldehydic derivatives of OMP) in the cardiac tissue of vaccinated fish. Duration of these adaptive mechanisms, however, resulted in decrease of total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, correlations between oxidatively modified proteins and TAC level confirm our conclusions. High level of TAC in cardiac tissue result in decrease of aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of OMP. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the tissues of vaccinated trout has important implications for understanding of the complex physiological changes that occur in immunization but also for improving aquaculture practices to maximize tissues growth and health of vaccinated trout. The oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e. content of oxidative protein damage, as well as antioxidant defenses were sensitive to vaccination of trout against Y. ruckeri and may potentially be used as biomarkers in evaluating of vaccine toxicity in rainbow trout.
Authors and Affiliations
Halyna Tkachenko, Joanna Grudniewska, Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
Keywords
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