THE COMPONENT OF SACREDNESS IN THE SEMANTICS OF PROPER NAMES (BASED ON ANTHROPONYMS)
Journal Title: Науковий вісник Херсонського державного університету. Серія: “Лінгвістика” - Year 2018, Vol 34, Issue 1
Abstract
Anthroponyms are of particular interest in a substantive aspect. The relevance of their study is determined by the complexity of the distinction of various connotations in their semantics. A proper name and a common name can connotize an almost unlimited number of signs. The main criterion here is that common names express a concept, and own names cannot express concepts. In addition, the meaning, the substantive aspect of a proper name appears to be significantly weakened. This is due to the fact that each proper name designates one object and this object is distinguished by the name from a group (as a rule, a very large group) of homogeneous objects. It is necessary to note such aspect of the matter as the existence and functioning of anthroponyms in language and speech. In speech, a proper name has a much greater degree of variation than in a language. In order to better understand the nature and characteristics of anthroponyms, first of all it is necessary to note their sacredness. The word «sacredness» goes back to the Latin word sacer – «consecrated, holy.» The name is a totemic symbol, and therefore is magical. In the ancients’ understanding the name was a special word. Two people with the same name were connected to each other by mysterious bonds. Thus, we can say that the sacredness of names is a typological feature for human society at a certain stage of development. This feature specifically appears in various kinds of taboos and euphemisms, in the existence of “protective” names, in some specific actions on proper names, such as: a) the witchcraft action on a name is intended to influence the name bearer in one form or another; b) buying a name – one person buys a name from another, wishing to have the qualities of a name bearer; c) name exchange – deception of the disease demons; d) change of name – change of fate. Actions on names are identical to actions on objects: exchange, purchase. There is nothing like this in other vocabulary groups. The perception that a personal name is capable of influencing the fate of a named being was completely obvious for our.
Authors and Affiliations
I. V. Bondarenko
Keywords
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