THE STRUGGLE OF THE SOVIET REPRESSIVE ORGANS AGAINST THE POLISH UNDERGROUND IN THE CARPATHIAN AREA (1944 – 1946)
Journal Title: Актуальні питання гуманітарних наук: Міжвузівський збірник наукових праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету - Year 2018, Vol 18, Issue
Abstract
In the article the little-known problem of the struggle of the Soviet repressive system against the Polish underground in Karpatskyi Krai (alias the Carpathian area of OUN) in 1944 – 1946s is elucidated. It has been established that by the time of the second arrival of the Soviet administration the Polish underground already had a structured and branched network. As has been proved, the organs of NKVD (People’s Comissariat for the Internal Affairs) paid a particular attention to the struggle against the Polish underground. For this purpose, in NKVD departments special units were formed. The Polish problem was a serious one for the Soviet power, as can be judged from the fact, that – in order to close the gaps in the intelligence agency operational work of the Polish underground – in August-September a check of the state of work was organised in SB (Ukr. BB, struggle with banditism) departments of NKD of Drohobych, Lviv, Stanislaviv, and Ternopil oblasts. In general, Polish population had a hostile attitude towards the Soviet power and did not want to be on the lines of frank cooperation with АК (Armija Krajowa, Polish Home Army). Special organs had to recruit those on whom there was serious compromising information. The creation of secret service agents networks took place in towns and villages with a high concentration of Polish population. Special organs conducted active secret service operational work of the struggle against the Polish underground. Furthermore, after the liquidation of the underground organisations, the force bodies withdrew weapons in large quantity. Special organs had considerable results in the liquidation of the Polish underground. The activity of special organs paralysed the work of АК and led to the situation when its members started to flee abroad in great number. The Poles lost all hope for the possibility of raising a revolt and joining Western Ukraine to Poland. After the pro-Soviet government had been established in Poland and the Potsdam conference took place, the underground АК in western areas of Ukraine lost its positions. In September – October, 1945 the administration of Lviv oblast was compelled to resolve to the registration and evacuation of a great bulk of Poles to Poland. At the same time, the heads of АК’s local links gave instructions not to hand over the weapons to the Soviet power, to hideit, to give the schemes of hiding places to the leadership, to leave in the territories of Ukraine’s western areas a widely branched out network of the not decoded АКmembers, having given them tasksof gathering intelligence, not to co-operate with the state-political bodies after the arrival to Poland, and to keep in contactonly among themselves. So, after the arrival of Bolsheviks, the activity of the Polish underground manifests obvious recession. The Soviet administration starts to realise the course to the complete liquidation of the Polish underground organisations. Thus, the Soviet power bodies used various forms and methods to reach the set objective. Certainly, the most efficient and productive results were demonstrated by secret service agentura. As a result of the use of a whole complex of actions, already in the end of 1945 the Polish underground in West Ukrainian lands, practically, ceased to exist. No information exists about Polish underground organisations in Stanislaviv and Chernivtsi oblasts in 1946. At the same time, in the first half of 1946 such groups still remained in Lviv and Drohobych oblasts.
Authors and Affiliations
Vasyl ILNYTSKYI, Natalia KANTOR
Keywords
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