THE COMPARATIVE-HISTORIC METHOD IN THE UKRAINIAN LINGUISTICS OF THE 1820s – 1860s
Journal Title: Наукові праці. Серія "Філологія. Мовознавство" - Year 2016, Vol 272, Issue 260
Abstract
The article is devoted to the devices and procedures of the comparative-historic method in the Ukrainian linguistics of the 1820s – 1860s. The author considers the linguistic method as a complicated notion that combines ontological, teleological and operational components. The last one comprises the genetic identification of facts, linguistic reconstruction, dating and localization of language phenomena. The peculiarities of these devices and procedures in the given period determine the specific character of the subject of the work, as well as its actuality and scientific novelty. Our aim is to reveal the most important features of the operational component of the comparative-historic method in the Ukrainian linguistics of the 1820s – 1860s, comprehensive characterization of the devices and procedures of this method. The research methodology is based on the principle of historical method. The method of actualism has been successfully used in the article. This fact allows to state quite wide range of usage of the results: during teaching at the philological departments of the establishment of higher education, in the cultural-educational activities. The research makes it possible to come to the conclusion. The Ukrainian comparative linguistics of the specific period (M. Maksymovych, P. Lavrovskyi, Y. Golovatskyi) is characterized by the prevalence of the method of genetic identity of language facts over the procedure of the linguistic reconstruction. The established by the linguists phonetic correspondences made it possible to reconstruct the definite archetypes and phonetic laws. The reconstruction was of a prospective and substitution character. The history of language was regarded as divergence. Some important steps were taken in the sphere of reconstruction of protolanguages. The efforts of the scientists to define time boundaries of the origin and existence of this or that phonetic phenomenon has become obvious achievement. The dating of archetypes and phonetic laws were mainly of absolute character. The author made attempts to define the relative dating of language (phonetic in particular) phenomena beyond the «generations» of genealogical tree. In treating the process of the development of the language there is a certain disjuncture between the categories of space and time, the correlation of which has not yet been recognized completely. The limited nature of historical principle lies in definite vagueness, insufficiently exact opposition of the past and the present in the language, excessive archaizing of some part of the researched notions.
Authors and Affiliations
V. Hlushchenko
Keywords
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